بررسی اثر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر تعدادی از پارامترهای رشد و متابولیت‌های ثانویه دو رقم گندم تحت رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گندم یکی از مهمترین منابع غذایی گیاهی برای انسان است و خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزنده بوده که رشد، نمو و عملکرد این گیاه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. کاربرد خارجی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی ممکن است سبب کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی گردد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی جیبرلین، سیتوکینین و سایکوسل بر ویژگی‌های ریشه‌ و اندام هوایی، مقادیر متابولیت‌های ثانویه و عملکرد دو رقم گندم در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش: تحقیق حاضر به‌صورت دو طرح مجزا هر یک در سه تکرار در شرایط هیدروپونیک و مزرعه در سال زراعی 96-1395 در دانشگاه کردستان انجام گرفت. آزمایش هیدروپونیک به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید و فاکتورها شامل سطوح رطوبتی (0، 4- و 8- بار)، رقم (سیروان و هما) و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد شامل (شاهد)، جیبرلین (100 میکرومولار)، سیتوکینین (100 میکرومولار) و سایکوسل (3 گرم در لیتر) بود. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت کرت دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی به اجرا در آمد. تیمار آبیاری در چهار سطح (دیم، یک ‌آبیاری، دو آبیاری و سه آبیاری) به عنوان عامل اصلی، دو رقم گندم به عنوان عامل فرعی و محلول‌پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد فوق‌الذکر به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات اندازه‎گیری شده در آزمایش هیدروپونیک شامل وزن خشک ریشه‌ و اندام هوایی، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه‌ به اندام هوایی، حجم ریشه‌، طول ریشه‌ و ارتفاع اندام هوایی و در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای شامل میزان فنل کل، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین و عملکرد دانه بود.
یافته‌ها: در آزمایش هیدروپونیک، تنش خشکی 4- بار سبب افزایش صفات مربوط به ریشه‌ گردید و هر دو سطح 4- و 8- بار سبب کاهش وزن و ارتفاع اندام هوایی گردید. در اکثر تیمارها بالاترین نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به اندام هوایی در تنش خشکی به دست آمد. رقم هما از لحاظ کلیه صفات از رقم سیروان برتر بود. تیمار محلول‌پاشی اثر معنی‌داری بر طول ریشه‌ و ارتفاع اندام هوایی نداشت اما کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد به ویژه سایکوسل سبب افزایش وزن خشک و حجم ریشه‌ و وزن اندام هوایی گردید. نتایج آزمایش مزرعه‌ای نشان داد که میزان فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین در شرایط دیم از دیگر تیمارهای آبیاری بیشتر بود. در بین تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد، جیبرلین سبب افزایش 2/13 درصدی فلاونوئید و سایکوسل باعث افزایش 3/17 درصدی میزان آنتوسیانین نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که دو رقم مورد مطالعه تحت تیمار سه آبیاری و کاربرد سیتوکینین و سایکوسل عملکرد بالاتری را نسبت به دیگر تیمارها داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد که سایکوسل بتواند از طریق بهبود خصوصیات ریشه و افزایش محتوی آنتوسیانین سبب افزایش مقاومت گندم به تنش خشکی شود. براساس نتایج، در هر دو رقم اعمال آبیاری سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه نسبت به شرایط دیم گردید و کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد به ویژه سیتوکینین و سایکوسل میزان عملکرد را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. لذا براساس نتایج این آزمایش، اعمال حتی یک مرحله آبیاری در شرایط محدودیت آب و کاربرد سیتوکینین و سایکوسل در شرایط فراهمی آب می‌تواند در راستای افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه قابل توصیه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of growth regulators on some of growth parameters and secondary metabolites in two wheat cultivars under different moisture regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farideh Sadeghi 1
  • Yousef sohrabi 2
  • Adel Sio-Se Mardeh 2
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Wheat is one of the most important plant sources for humans and drought is one of the most important abiotic limiting factors that affects the growth and development of wheat. Exogenous applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs) may be useful for decreasing the harmful effects of drought stress on wheat, therefore, this research was laid out to investigate the effect of foliar sprays of gibberellin, cytokinin and cycocel on root and shoot characteristics, secondry metabolites and yield of two wheat cultivars under different moisture regimes.

Materials and methods: The present study was conducted as two separate designs each with three replications in hydroponic and field conditions in the University of Kurdistan, in 2015-2016. Hydroponics experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design. The factors were the moisture levels (control, -4, -8 bar), two wheat cultivar (Sirvan and Homa) and four levels PGR foliar application including water as control, gibberellin (100 µm), cytokinin (100 µm) and cycocel (3 grlit-1). Field experiment was carried out as split-split based on randomized complete block design. The irrigation treatment at four levels (dryland, one time irrigation, two times irrigation and three times irrigation) as the main plots, two wheat cultivars (Sirvan and Homa) as sub-plots and the plant growth regulators foliar application listed above as the sub-sub plots were considered. Root and shoot dry weight and root to shoot dry weight ratio, root volume, root length, Plant height, total phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanins content and yield were determined.
Results: In the hydroponics experiment, root traits increased in the -4 bar as compared with the control while plant weight and height were decreased in the -4 and -8 bar. In most treatments, the highest ratio of root to shoot weight was obtained in drought stress. Homa cultivar was superior to Sirvan cultivar in terms of all traits. Foliar application treatments hadn't a significant influence on root length and plant height, but the application of PGRs especially cycocel, increased the root and seedling weight and root volume. In field experiments, the results showed that the amount of phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in dryland conditions was higher than other irrigation treatments. Among growth regulators, gibberellin increased flavonoids (13.2%), and cycocel increased anthocyanins content (17.3%) Compared to the control. The results also showed that, the highest grain yield in both cultivar was obtained under three times irrigation condition and cytokinin and cycocel consumption.
Conclusion: It seems that cycocel can increase the resistance of wheat to drought stress by improving the root characteristics and increasing anthocyanin content. In both cultivars, irrigation increased grain yield compared to rainfed conditions and the use of growth regulators, especially cytokinin and cycocel, increased yield compared to the control. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, applying even one stage of irrigation in water limitation conditions and the use of cytokinin and cycocel in water availability conditions could be recommended to enhance grain yield under the region climatic condition
Keywords: Gibberellin, Cycocel, Cytokinin, Flavonoids, Phenol

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gibberellin
  • Cycocel
  • Cytokinin
  • Flavonoids
  • Phenol

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 101-120

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