تاثیر ‌‌نانواکسید مولیبدن بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی کلزای پاییزه تحت تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی و مربی دانشگاه جامع علمی- کاربردی اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش کم‌آبی یکی از رایج‌ترین تنش‌های غیر‌زیستی است که رشد و نمو و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی مانند کلزا را کاهش می‌دهد. استفاده از ریز‌مغذی‌ها در گیاهان دانه روغنی‌، به‌عنوان یکی از راهکارهای بسیار مفید و کارآمد در شرایط تنش خشکی است که ضمن افزایش عملکرد دانه‌، به افزایش تحمل گیاه منجر می‌شود. برهمین اساس، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد برگی نانواکسید مولیبدن بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی کلزای پاییزه در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ‌‌محلول‌پاشی نانواکسید مولیبدن بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی کلزا تحت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 98-1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و محلول‌پاشی با نانواکسید مولیبدن (عدم‌محلول‌پاشی (صفر)، محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل شاخص سبزینگی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، میزان هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت‌یافته از برگ‌ها و میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار‌دانه، عملکرد دانه و درصد و عملکرد روغن بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تنش خشکی در مرحله گلدهی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار شاخص سبزینگی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ و افزایش میزان نشت الکترولیت‌ها و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید در بوته‌های کلزا گردید که در نهایت موجب کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزای پاییزه شد. انجام محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های کلزا با غلظت‌های 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید مولیبدن در شرایط تنش خشکی موجب بهبود شاخص سبزینگی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ و کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی غشا، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزای پاییزه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. کاربرد 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید مولیبدن در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل سبب افزایش 6/31 درصدی تعداد خورجین در بوته، 09/10 درصدی وزن هزار‌دانه، 37/28 درصدی عملکرد دانه و 71/27 درصدی عملکرد روغن دانه‌ در مقایسه با تیمار عدم‌محلول‌پاشی گردید. در شرایط آبیاری کامل بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی و تعداد خورجین در بوته با کاربرد 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید مولیبدن به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی تأثیر منفی بر رشد و عملکرد کلزای پاییزه داشت. محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های کلزا با نانواکسید مولیبدن در شرایط مساعد و نامساعد محیطی، تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی اندازه‌گیری شده در کلزا داشت. این امر باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن دانه و کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش کم‌آبی گردید. در بین تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی، بیش‌ترین افزایش در صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی کلزا در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی در تیمار کاربرد 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید مولیبدن به‌دست آمد. بنابراین، محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های کلزا با غلظت 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید مولیبدن برای کاهش اثرات مخرب تنش خشکی و بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on some physiological and agronomic characteristics of oilseed rape under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Rostami Hir 1
  • Parisa Sheikhzadeh 2
  • Saeed Khomari 2
  • Nasser Zare 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University and Ardabil University of Applied Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Water deficit stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses that reduce the growth, and development, and yield of crops such as oilseed rape. The Utilization of micronutrients in oilseed crops is one of the most valuable and practical approaches for improving grain yield and plant tolerance under drought stress conditions. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and agronomic characteristics of winter oilseed rape under the end season drought stress.
Materials and methods: To investigate the effect of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and yield characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications at the research farm station of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. The experimental factors were irrigation (regular irrigation and omitting irrigation at the flowering stage) as main plots and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles foliar application ((0 (control), 25 and 50 mg/L) as sub-plots. The measured traits include the chlorophyll index, relative water content (RWC), electrical conductivity (EC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, plant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, oil percentage, and oil yield.
Results: The results showed that the drought stress during the flowering stage significantly decreased the chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content and increased the electrolyte leakage and MDA content in the leaves, which resulted in a significant decrement of the yield and yield components of oilseed rape. Under the end season drought stress conditions, the foliar application of 25 and 50 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles significantly increased the grain yield and yield components of oilseed rape compared to the control treatment, mainly through improving the chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content and decreasing the membrane lipid peroxidation. Under the end season drought stress conditions, foliar spraying with 25 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles caused about 31.6 percent increase in the number of pods per plant, 10.09 percent in 1000-grain weight, 28.37 percent in grain yield, and 27.71 percent in oil yield of oilseed rape as compared to no spraying treatment. Under regular irrigation conditions, the highest plant height, number of branches, and number of pods per plant were obtained with foliar application of 25 mg/L of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles.
Conclusion: The results showed that the irrigation omitting at the flowering stage (the end season drought stress) negatively affected the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape. The foliar spraying of oilseed rap plants with molybdenum oxide nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the physiological and agronomic traits of oilseed rape under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. So that, foliar spraying improved the grain yield and oil yield and reduced the harmful effects of drought stress. In general, the foliar application of 25 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles had a positive and significant effect, on the physiological and agronomical characteristics of oilseed rape, and can be used to reduce the destructive effects of drought stress and improve the grain and oil yield of this plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar application
  • Oil grains
  • Oil yield
  • Micronutrients

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 14، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 43-64

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