تاثیر متانول بر عملکرد دانه، شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: خشکی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار بر عملکرد گیاهان زراعی به‌خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک است. این تنش واکنش‌های مختلف بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی در گیاهان را به عنوان یک سازوکار بقا، القا می‌کند. خشکی بیش از هر فاکتور محیطی دیگر تولید و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی را محدود می‌کند. همچنین این تنش می‌تواند به فتوسنتز گیاهان زراعی صدمه زند و محتوای کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب، هدایت روزنه‌ای و عملکرد کوانتومی را کاهش ‌دهد. یکی از راه‌کارهای مهم برای افزایش غلظت CO2 در گیاهان استفاده از ترکیباتی همچون متانول است که می‌تواند غلظت CO2 در گیاه را افزایش دهد و به فتوسنتز و رشد تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی کمک کند. از این‌رو هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تاثیر متانول بر عملکرد، روند تغییرات شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 98-1397 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل سطوح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل سنبلهدهی و آبستنی به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان محدودیت ملایم و شدید آبی بر اساس کد 55 و 43 مقیاس BBCH) و محلول‌پاشی متانول در چهار سطح (محلول‌پاشی با آب به‌عنوان شاهد و محلول‌پاشی 10، 20 و 30 درصد حجمی متانول) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد قطع آبیاری عملکرد کوانتومی، فلورسانس بیشینه (Fm)، فلورسانس متغیر (Fv)، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای آب نسبی برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای و عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد در حالی‌که هدایت الکتریکی، نشت الکترولیت و فلورسانس حداقل (F0) افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی 30 درصد حجمی متانول در شرایط آبیاری کامل فلورسانس بیشینه (Fm)، فلورسانس متغیر (Fv)، عملکرد کوانتومی (Fv/Fm)، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای آب نسبی برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای و عملکرد دانه را به‌ترتیب حدود 53/51، 75/170، 76/78، 69/55، 58/77، 40/79 و 98/46 درصد نسبت به عدم محلول‌پاشی متانول تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی افزایش داد. همچنین محلول‌پاشی با 30 درصد حجمی متانول در شرایط آبیاری کامل هدایت الکتریکی، نشت الکترولیت و فلورسانس حداقل (F0) را به ترتیب 86/122، 70/73 و 59/42 درصد نسبت به عدم محلول‌پاشی تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی کاهش داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج این بررسی به‌نظر می‌رسد محلول‌پاشی 30 درصد حجمی متانول می‌تواند در شرایط محدودیت آبی را به‌واسطه‌ی بهبود شاخص‌های فلورسانس و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی نظیر هدایت روزنه‌ای، محتوای نسبی آب و شاخص کلروفیل عملکرد دانه گندم را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of methanol on grain yield, chlorophyll fluorescence indices and some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigation withholding conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh aghaei 1
  • Rayf Seyyed Sharifi 2
  • saeid. khomari 3
  • hamed arimani 4
1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2
3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought stress is the most influential factors affecting crop yield particularly in arid and semiarid regions. This stress induces various biochemical and physiological responses in plants as a survival mechanism. Drought limits plant production and the performance of crop plants, more than any other environmental factor. Also this stress can damage the photosynthesis of plants and reduce chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance and quantum yield. One of the important strategies for increasing of carbon dioxide concentration in plants is using compounds such as methanol that can increase the concentration of CO2 in a plant and help photosynthesis rate and growth under water deficit conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects methanol on yield, chlorophyll fluorescence indices and some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigation withholding conditions
Material and method
A factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm, faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2018-2019. Factors experiment were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding in 50% of heading and booting stages as moderate and severe water limitation respectively according with 43 and 55 BBCH scale) and foliar application of methanol at four levels (foliar application with water as control, application 10, 20 and 30 volume percent).
Results:
The results showed that irrigation withholding decreased quantum yield, maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance and grain yield. Whereas electrical conductivity, electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence (F0) increased. Foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol under full irrigation increased about 51.53, 170.75, 78.76, 55.69, 77.58, 79.4 and 46.98% maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), quantum yeild (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance and grain yield respectively in comparison with no foliar application of methanol under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. Also, foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol under full irrigation condition decreased electrical conductivity, electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence (F0 122.68, 73.07 and 42.59% respectively in comparison with no foliar application of methanol under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition
Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, it seems foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol can increase grain yield of wheat under water limitation condition due to improve fluorescence indices and some physiological traits such as stomatal conductance, relative water content and chlorophyll index

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll content
  • Drought stress
  • Relative water content
  • Stomatal conductance

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 13، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 151-172

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