بررسی اثر محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم، روی و بور بر دمای سایه انداز گیاهی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تاریخ‏های کاشت مناسب و تأخیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشجوی دکتری

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

4 دانشگاه لرستان، دانشکده کشاورزی

چکیده

به‏منظور بررسی اثر محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم، روی و بور بر دمای سایه انداز گیاهی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان تحت تاریخ‏های کاشت مناسب و تأخیری، آزمایشی به‏صورت کرت‏های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 20 تیمار و سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان رامهرمز اجرا گردید. عامل‏های آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح مناسب (30 آبان) و تأخیری (15 دی) به‏عنوان عامل اصلی، محلول‏پاشی عناصر غذایی در پنج سطح با آب (شاهد)، پتاسیم، روی، بور و پتاسیم + روی + بور (هر کدام سه لیتر در هکتار) به‏عنوان عامل فرعی و دو رقم گندم نان پیشتاز و چمران 2 به‏عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی بودند. محلول‏ها برای محلول‏پاشی از طریق پتاسیم 21 درصد، کلات - روی 5/7 درصد و بور 5 درصد آماده گردید. صفات مورد اندازه‏گیری شامل محتوای کلروفیل برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ پرچم، پایداری غشای سلول، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm) و میزان پرولین برگ بودند. با تأخیر در کاشت به‏دلیل تنش گرمای انتهایی کلیه صفات فوق غیر از میزان پرولین برگ به‏طور معنی‏داری کاهش یافت. با این حال، تأخیر در کاشت موجب افزایش دمای سایه انداز گیاهی گردید. محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم، روی و بور به‏صورت مجزا و ترکیبی اثرات زیان‏بار ناشی از تأخیر در کاشت بر صفات محتوای کلروفیل برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ پرچم، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm)، میزان پرولین برگ و عملکرد دانه را در هر دو رقم گندم کاهش داد. هم‏چنین، محلول‏پاشی این عناصر غذایی موجب کاهش دمای سایه انداز گیاهی ارقام گندم تحت هر دو تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأخیری گردید. با وجود عدم اختلاف معنی‏دار در ارقام گندم پیشتاز و چمران 2 در دمای سایه انداز گیاهی، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm)، میزان پرولین برگ و عملکرد دانه، این ارقام به‏ترتیب به کاربرد مجزای روی و کاربرد تلفیقی پتاسیم + روی + بور در هر دو تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأخیری واکنش مناسب‏تری نشان دادند. رقم چمران 2 تحت شرایط محلول‏پاشی آب (شاهد) عملکرد بیشتری را نسبت به رقم پیشتاز در هر دو تاریخ کاشت نشان داد. صفات فیزیولوژیک اندازه گیری شده ارقام گندم پیشتاز و چمران 2 در نتیجه کاربرد پتاسیم، روی و بور در هر دو تاریخ کاشت بهبود نشان دادند. به‏طور کلی می‏توان از محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم، روی و بور و کاربرد تلفیقی آنها به‏عنوان راهکار مدیریتی مناسب برای کاهش دمای سایه انداز گیاهی، بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و کاهش اثرات سوء تاریخ‏ کاشت تأخیری بر عملکرد گندم نان در شهرستان رامهرمز استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The study effect of potassium, zinc and boron foliar application on canopy temperature, physiological traits and yield of two bread wheat cultivars under optimum and late planting dates

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamid reza eisvand 1
  • Hossein Kamaei 2
  • Mashaallah Daneshvar 3
  • Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi 4
1 Associate Prof. Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University
2 student ph. D
3 Assistant Prof Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University
4 Lorestan University
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of potassium, zinc and boron foliar application on physiological traits and yield of two bread wheat cultivars under optimum and late planting dates, An experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications in Ramhormoz city in farming year 2015-16. The experimental factors were included planting date in two levels: optimum (November 21) and late (January 5) as the main factor, nutrients foliar application in five levels: (water as a control, potassium, zinc, boron and combination potassium + zinc + boron (each 3 lit.h-1)) as the sub factor and two cultivars of bread wheat Pishtaz and Chamran 2 as the sub-sub factor. Solutions for foliar application were prepared by using potassium (21%), zinc-chelate (7.5%) and boron (5%). Traits measured were included leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and leaf proline content. The results showed that with delay in planting all above traits except leaf proline content decreased significantly due to terminal heat stress. However, the delay in planting was increased canopy temperature. Potassium, zinc and boron foliar application separately and in combination reduced harmful effects caused by the delay in planting on the traits leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability index, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), leaf proline content and grain yield in both wheat cultivars. As well as, foliar application these nutrients reduced canopy temperature of wheat cultivars under both optimum and late planting dates. Despite the lack of significant differences in Pishtaz and Chamran 2 wheat cultivars in canopy temperature, cell membrane stability index, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), leaf proline content and grain yield, these cultivars showed a more appropriate response to the zinc separate application and potassium + zinc + boron combined application in both optimum and late planting dates, respectively. Chamran 2 cultivar under water foliar application conditions (control) indicated more yield than the Pishtaz cultivar in both planting dates. Measured physiological traits Pishtaz and Chamran 2 wheat cultivars showed improvement as a result of potassium, zinc and boron application in both planting dates. In general can be used from potassium, zinc and boron foliar application and their combined application as appropriate management strategy to reduce canopy temperature, improve physiological traits and reduce the negative effects of delay in planting date on bread wheat in Ramhormoz city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll fluorescence
  • Nutrients
  • Terminal heat stress
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