اثر کود دامی-شیمیایی و زئولیت بر صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیک دو رقم لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خرم‌آباد، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: استفاده توأم از کودهای دامی و شیمیایی و استفاده از زئولیت در پرورش لوبیا می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و کمک به تأمین متعادل مواد مغذی داشته باشد. واکنش ارقام نیز به عوامل زراعی مختلف متفاوت است. لذا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی برخی واکنش‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد دو رقم لوبیا قرمز در پاسخ به ترکیب کود دامی و اوره به‌همراه زئولیت انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط اقلیمی شهرستان ازنا در استان لرستان در بهار 1395 و 1396 اجرا شد. عامل‌ها شامل دو رقم لوبیا قرمز گلی (رونده و رشد نامحدود) و اختر (ایستاده و رشد محدود)، پنج نسبت کود دامی و شیمیایی (0:100، 25:75، 50:50، 75:25 و 100:0 درصد کود دامی:اوره) و چهار سطح زئولیت (عدم مصرف زئولیت و مصرف 3، 6 و 9 تن در هکتار) بود. بر اساس آزمون خاک، مقدار 100 کیلوگرم درهکتار نیتروژن از منبع کود اوره و 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی (کود گوسفندی پوسیده) مصرف شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع اولین غلاف از سطح زمین، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه در هر دو رقم گلی (به‌ترتیب7/79 و 5/9 سانتی‌متر، 8/37 دانه، 4/38 گرم و 2341 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و اختر (به‌ترتیب4/70 و 3/7 سانتی‌متر، 3/44 دانه، 4/52 گرم و 2630 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار 50:50 دامی:شیمیایی و شش تن در هکتار زئولیت بدست آمد. از طرفی، در رقم گلی، بیشترین کاتالاز اندام هوایی (72/2 OD میکروگرم پروتئین بر دقیقه) از تیمار 0:100 دامی:شیمیایی و عدم مصرف زئولیت حاصل شد؛ در حالی‌که در رقم اختر، بیشترین کاتالاز اندام هوایی (12/2 OD میکروگرم پروتئین بر دقیقه) از تیمار 100:0 دامی:شیمیایی و سه تن در هکتار زئولیت بدست آمد. در سال اول، بیشترین کربوهیدرات‌های محلول (07/8 میلی گرم بر گرم) و پراکسیداز اندام هوایی (03/3 واحد میکروگرم پروتئین بر دقیقه) از رقم گلی در تیمار 0:100 دامی:شیمیایی و بیشترین عملکرد پروتئین (526 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از رقم اختر در تیمار 75:25 دامی:شیمیایی به‌دست آمد، اما در سال دوم، بیشترین کربوهیدرات‌های محلول (65/8 میلی گرم بر گرم) از رقم اختر در تیمار 0:100 دامی:شیمیایی، بیشترین پراکسیداز اندام هوایی (33/3 واحد میکروگرم پروتئین بر دقیقه) از رقم گلی در تیمار 25:75 دامی:شیمیایی و بیشترین عملکرد پروتئین (611 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از رقم اختر در تیمار 50:50 دامی:شیمیایی حاصل شد. در سال‌های اول و دوم، بیشترین شاخص برداشت (به‌ترتیب 5/41% و 7/43%) از رقم اختر در تیمار 50:50 دامی:شیمیایی حاصل شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع رقم اختر با استفاده از کود 50:50 دامی: شیمیایی و شش تن در هکتار زئولیت برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه و پروتئین توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Fertilizer and zeolite on morphophysiological traits of two red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Kolai 1
  • Masoud Rafiee 2
  • Ali Khorgami 1
  • Kazem Taleshi 1
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Faculty, Azad Islamic University of Khorramabad, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The combined use of animal and chemical fertilizers and the use of zeolite in bean farming can have an effective role in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and helping to provide balanced nutrients. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating some biochemical responses and performance of two varieties of red bean with the combination of chemical fertilizer and zeolite.
Materials and Methods
A factorial experiment with three factors based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented in climatic conditions of Azna city in Lorestan province in the spring 2016 and 2017. Cultivar factor includes two cultivars Goli (creeping) and Akhtar (standing); nutritional systems operating at five levels including 100% manure fertilizer, 100% urea, 75% manure with 25% urea, 50% manure with 50% urea, and 25% manure with 75% of urea; and zeolite factor in four levels including non-use of zeolite and consumption of 3, 6 and 9 tons per hectare. Based on the soil test, 100 kg/ha of nitrogen from the source of urea fertilizer and 20 tons/ha of animal manure (rotted sheep manure) were used.

Results
Meanwhile, the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates as well as peroxidase and catalase in shoot was observed from the consumption of manure. By increasing the consumption of zeolite, the plant height and the height of the first pod, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of one hundred seeds, and the yield of seeds, the harvest index and protein yield increased, but the amount of soluble carbohydrates, peroxidase and catalase of shoot decreased. In the levels of triple interaction of cultivar × fertilizer × zeolite, comparison of means showed that the maximum plant height and the height of the first pod from the ground, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of one hundred seedsو and the yield of seeds were obtained in both Goli (79.7 cm, 9.5 cm, 37.8 seeds, 38.4 grams and 2341 kg per hectare, respectively) and Akhtar (70.4 cm, 7.3 cm, 44.3 seeds, 52.4 grams and 2630 kg per hectare, respectively) cultivars from the 50:50 manure:urea treatment and six tons per hectare Zeolite. In Goli cultivar, The highest number of sub-stems (31.5 stems) and number of pods per plant (10.2 pods) from 75:25 manure:urea treatment and six tons per hectare of zeolite;The highest shoot catalase (OD 2.72 micrograms of protein per minute) was obtained from 0: 100 manure:urea treatment and no zeolite consumption; while in Akhtar cultivar, the highest maximum number of sub-stems (26.7 stems) from 100 manure treatment: chemical and nine tons per hectare of zeolite; and the highest shoot catalase (2.12 OD micrograms of protein per minute) from urea treatment and three tons per hectare of zeolite.
The results showed that the highest plant height, the first pod height from the ground, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of one hundred seeds and the seed yield in both Goli (respectively 79.7 and 9.5 cm, 37.8 seeds, 38.4 grams and 2341 kg per hectare) and Akhtar (respectively 70.4 and 7.3 cm, 44.3 seeds, 52.4 grams and 2630 kg per hectare) was obtained from the treatment of 50:50 manure:urea and six tons per hectare of zeolite.
Discussion
In total, the Akhtar cultivar is recommended with the use of 50:50 manure:urea and six tons per hectare of zeolite to achieve the maximum grain and protein yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antioxidant enzymes
  • photosynthetic pigments
  • proline
  • protein yield
  • yeild components

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 59-80

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