بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری کلرید سدیم بر تجمع سدیم، پتاسیم، نیتروژن و اسید آمینه پرولین در ارقام سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی ، دانشگاه جامع علمی - کاربردی استان اردبیل. ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت،دانشکده تولید گیاهی ،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،گرگان، ایران

3 استاد گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت دانشکده تولید گیاهی ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی گرگان

10.22069/ejcp.2024.20938.2559

چکیده

سابقه وهدف: افزایش روزافزون شوری آب وخاک وخسارت ناشی ازآن بر تولیدات گیاهی، بررسی اثرات شوری برگیاهان زراعی را ضروری می‌کند. مطالعه تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی درشرایط تنش، راهکار مناسبی است که می‌تواند به شناسایی فاکتورهای مؤثر در تحمل به تنش شوری و انتخاب ارقام متحمل کمک نماید. با توجه به اهمیت سویا (Glycine max L.) در اقتصاد جهانی و نیاز به روغن‌های خوراکی و پروتئین‌های گیاهی این آزمایش با هدف انتخاب رقم متحمل سویا به شوری و شناسائی سازوکارهای تحمل شوری انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل شوری در چهار سطح (عدم استفاده از شوری به عنوان شاهد، کاربرد 30، 60 و 80 میلی مولNaCl ) و ارقام مختلف سویا (هیل، LBK، BP، هاگ، دیر، گرگان 3، سحر، هابیت، ویلیامز، JK و LWK ) بودند. در این آزمایش بذور با باکتری ریزبیوم ژاپونیکوم تلقیح شدند و در گلدان‌های حاوی ماسه کشت شدند. از ابتدای کاشت تا ظهور برگ اصلی گلدان ها فقط با آب معمولی آبیاری ‌شدند و پس از ظاهر شدن برگ اصلی آبیاری با محلول هوگلند بدون نیترات ادامه یافت. بوته‌ها پس از 60 روز برداشت شدند و درصد Na+ و K+، نسبت Na+/K+، پرولین، درصد نیتروژن، عملکرد نیتروژن و وزن خشک کل اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SASو آزمون LSD انجام شد.
یافته‌ها : بررسی نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش شوری، درصد سدیم، نسبت Na+/K+ و مقدار پرولین در تمامی ارقام افزایش و وزن خشک کل، درصد پتاسیم و عملکرد نیتروژن کاهش می‌یابد. رقم دیر با داشتن بالاترین درصد نیتروژن در سطوح 0، 30، 60 و 80 میلی‌مول کلرید سدیم و کمترین درصد کاهش میزان نیتروژن (28%) دارای کمترین کاهش وزن خشک کل (54%) از تیمار شاهد به تیمار80 میلی‌مول بود. با افزایش شوری از تیمار شاهد به تیمار 80 میلی‌مول کلرید سدیم، رقم هاگ دارای کمترین میزان افزایش درصد سدیم و کمترین درصد کاهش جذب پتاسیم و پایین‌ترین میزان نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم در مقایسبه‌ با سایر ارقام بود و ارقامLWK ، LBK و سحر با داشتن بیشترین میزان تجمع سدیم، بالاترین نسبتNa+/K+ ، تولید پایین پرولین و ماده خشک، کمترین تحمل را به شوری داشتند. ضرایب همبستگی بین وزن خشک کل با درصد پتاسیم (**904/0) و درصد نیتروژن (**902/0) نیز نشان داد ارقامی که توانایی جذب پتاسیم و نیتروژن بالاتری دارند، ماده خشک بیشتری نیز تولید می‌کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، به نظر می‌رسد ارقـام متحمل با سازوکارهایی مانند جذب کمتر سدیم ، افزایش جذب پتاسیم و تنظیم پتانسیل اسمزی با تنش شوری مقابله می‌کنند. در بین ارقام مورد بررسی و با توجه به شاخص های اندازه‌گیری شده، می‌توان از رقم دیر به عنوان رقم متحمل برای کشـت در اراضـی شور و از رقم هاگ در برنامه‌های اصلاح نژاد استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salinity stress on accumulation of Na+, K+, N ions, and proline in soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Rostami hir 1
  • Serollah Galeshi 2
  • Afshin soltani 3
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 4
1 Lecturer at Ardabil University of Applied Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Increasing water and soil salinity and the damage caused by it on plant products make it necessary to investigate the effects of salinity on crop plants. Studying the physiological traits changes under stress conditions is a suitable method for identifying the factors that affect crop tolerance to salinity stress and selecting tolerant cultivars.
Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural. Experiment factors included the applying four salinity levels with Hoagland solution (no application of salinity as control, application of 30, 60, and 80 mM NaCl) and different soybean cultivars (Hill, LBK, BP, Hog, Deer, Gorgan 3, Sahr, Hobbit, Williams, JK, and LWK). In this experiment, soybean seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum bacteria and planted in pots containing sand. The irrigation was done by distilled water from the planting until the appearance of the main leaf, and after that, Hoagland's solution (without nitrogen) continued. Seedlings were harvested after 60 days and Na+ and K+ percentage, Na+/K+ ratio, proline, nitrogen percentage, nitrogen yield, and total dry weight were measured. Analysis of variance and comparison of the means (LSD test) was done by the SAS software (version 9).
Results: The results show that with increasing the salinity, sodium percentage, Na+/K+ ratio, and proline amount increased and total dry weight, potassium percentage, and nitrogen yield decreased. Deer cultivar with the highest percentage of nitrogen at the levels of 0, 30, 60, and mM NaCl and the lowest percentage of nitrogen reduction (28%) have the lowest total dry weight reduction (54%) from the control treatment to the 80 mM treatment. Hag cultivar have the lowest increase in sodium percentage and the lowest percentage decrease in potassium absorption and the lowest Na+/K+ ratio compared to other varieties. LWK, LBK, and Sahar cultivars had the lowest tolerance to salinity with the highest amount of sodium accumulation, the highest Na+/K+ ratio, and low production of proline, and dry matter. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there was the most positive and significant correlation between total dry weight and potassium percentage (0.904**) and nitrogen percentage (0.902**).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that the tolerant cultivars deal with salinity stress with mechanisms such as more potassium absorption and osmotic potential regulation. Among the investigated cultivars and according to the measured indicators, the Deer cultivar was recognized as a tolerant cultivar and can be used for cultivation in saline lands and the Hag cultivar can be used in breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Na+/K+ ratio
  • Nitrogen
  • Proline
  • Salt Stress
  • Soybean

مراجع

  1. Munir, N., Hasnain, M., Roessner, U. & Abideen, Z. (2022). Strategies in improving plant salinity resistance and use of salinity resistant plants for economic sustainability. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(12), 2150-2196.
  2. Pessarakli, M. (1999). Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Marcel Dekker Incorporation. New York.1254p.
  3. Ouhibi, C., Attia, H., Rebah, F., Msilini, N., Chebbi, M., Urban, L. & Lachaal, M. (2014). Salt stress mitigation by seed priming with UV-C in lettuce plants: Growth, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 83, 126–133.

4.Yang, Y. & Guo, Y. (2018). Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. New Phytologist, 217(2), 523–539.

  1. Ashraf, M. & Harris, P. J. C. (2013). Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview. Photosynthetica. 51(2), 163–190.
  2. Viera Santos, C. (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(1), 93-99.
  3. Turan, M. A., Elkiram, A. H., Taban, A. N. & Tban, S. (2009). Effect of salt stress on growth, stomatal resistance, proline and chlorophyll concentrations in maize plant. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(9), 893-897.
  4. Bernstein, L. (1963). Osmotic adjustment of plant to saline media. Dynamic phase. American Journal of Botany, 50 (4), 360-37
  5. Sheteiwy, M. S., Shao, H., Qi, W., Daly, P., Sharma, A., Shaghaleh, H., Hamoud, Y. A., El‐Esawi, M. A., Pan, R., Wan, Q. & Lu, H. (2021). Seed priming and foliar application with jasmonic acid enhance salinity stress tolerance of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 101(5), 2027-2041.
  6. Masoudi, B. (2021). Screening of Soybean Genotypes at Seedling Stage under Salinity Stress.

Journal of Crop Breeding, 13(38), 124-137. [In Persian]

  1. Dadashi, M. R., MajidHeravan. I., Soltani, A. & Noorinia, A. A. (2007). Evaluation of different genotypes of barley to salinity salt stress. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(1), 181-190. [In Persian]
  2. Amirjani, M. R. (2010). Effect of NaCl on Some Physiological Parameters of Rice. EJBS, 3(1), 06-16.
  3. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanism of Salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681.
  4. Basara, A. S., & Barsara, R. K. (1997). Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Resistance in Plants. Harwood Academic Publishers. 83-111.
  5. Summart, J., Thanonkeo, P., Panichajakul, S., Prathepha, P. & McManus, M. T. (2010). Effect of salt stress on growth, inorganic ion and proline accumulation in Thai aromatic rice, Khao Dawk Mali 105, callus culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(2), 145-152.
  6. Chen, Z., Zhu, M., Newman, I., Mendham, M., Zhang, G. & Shabala, S. (2007). Potassium and sodium relations in salinized barley tissues as a basis of differential salt tolerance. Functional Plant Biology, 34(2), 150–162.
  7. Ashraf, M. (2004). Some important physiological criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Functional Plant Ecology, 199(5), 361-376.
  8. Hardarson, G. & Danson, S. K. A. (1993). Methods for measuring biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes. Plant and Soil, 152(1), 19-23.
  9. Bates, L. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  10. Graham, J., Bristol, A., Yong, E. M., Wyn Jones, R. G. & Kashour. G. (1990). salt tolerance in the triticeae K. Na discrimination in barley. Journal of Experimental Botany, 41(9), 1095-1101.
  11. Schachtman, D. P. & Munns, R. 1992. Sodium accumulation in leaves of Triticum species that differ in salt tolerance. Australian journal of plant physiology, 19, 331-340.
  12. Deinlein, U., Stephan, A., Horie, T., Luo, W., Xu, G. & Schroeder, J. I. (2014). Plant salt tolerance mechanisms. Trends in Plant Science, 14(6), 1-9.
  13. Bohnert, H. J., Nelson, D. E. & Jensen, R. G. (1999). Adaptation to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 7(7), 1099-1111.

24.Heydari, M., Nadian, H., Bakhshandeh, A., AlamiSaeid, K.h. & Fathi, G.H. (2007). Effect of salinty and nitrogen rates on osmotic adjustment and accumulation of mineral nutrients in wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11(40), 193-21. (In Persian)

  1. Atlassi Pak, V. (2018). Evaluation of Sodium Accumulation in Leaves of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance. Plant Productions, 41(1), 43-56. [In Persian]
  2. Ashraf, M. & Foolad, M.R.( 2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59 (2), 206-216.
  3. Greenway, H., & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanism of salt tolerance in nonhalphytes. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 31(1), 149-190.
  4. Karimi, R. (2017). Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Scientia Horticulturae, 215, 184-194.
  5. Cakmak, I. (2005). The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168(4), 521-530
  6. Aqueel Ahmad, M. S., Javed, F. & Ashraf, M. (2007). Iso osmotic effect of NaCl and PEG on growth, cations and free proline accumulation in callus tissue of two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Plant Growth Regulation, 53, 53-63.
  7. Kazemeini, S., Alborzei Hagighi, M. & Pirasteh-Anosheh, H. (2016). Evaluating salinity tolerance at different growth stages in rapeseed (Brassica napus) cv. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 9(2), 185-193. [In Persian]
  8. Momeni, N., Arvin, M. J., Khagoei, G., Keramat, B., & Daneshmand, F. (2013). Effects of sodium chloride and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic parameters and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Journal of Plant Research, (5)15, 15-30. [In Persian]
  9. Talwar, H. S., Kumari, A. Surwenshi, A. & Seetharama, N. (2011). Sodium: potassium ratio in foliage as an indicator of tolerance to chloride-dominant soil salinity in oat (Avena sativa). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81(5), 481-484.
  10. Bandehhagh, A., Kazemi, H., Valizadeh, M., & Javanshir, A. (2004). Salt tolerance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during vegetative and reproductive growth. Iranian, The Journal of Agricultural Science, 35(1), 61-71. [In Persian]
  11. Iqra, L., Rashid, M. S., Ali, Q., Latif, I. & Mailk, A. (2020). Evaluation for Na+/K+ ratio under salt stress condition in wheat. Life Science Journal, 17(7), 43-50.
  12. Assaha, D. V., Ueda, A., Saneoka, H., Al-Yahyai, R. & Yaish, M. W. (2017). The role of Na+ and K+ transporters in salt stress adaptation in glycophytes. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 1–19.
  13. Shakib Aylar, A., Farzaneh, S., Moharramnejad, S., Seyed Sharifi, R. & Hasanzadeh, M. (2021). Response of Some Physiological Traits in Maize Cultivars to Salinity Stress. Journal of crops breeding, 13(40), 173-180. [In Persian]
  14. Beyzavi, F., Baghizadeh, A., Mirzaei, S., Maleki, M. & Mazafari, H. (2020). Investigation of some Biochemical Traits of Tolerant and Sensitive Wheat Cultivars (Triticum Bioticum) under Salinity Stress. Journal of crops breeding, 12(36), 216-234. [In Persian]
  15. Kózminska, A., Wiszniewska, A., Hanus-Fajerska, E., Boscaiu, M., Al Hassan, M., Halecki, W. & Vicente, O. (2019). Identification of salt and drought biochemical stress markers in several Silene vulgaris populations. Sustainability, 11(3), 800-823.
  16. Bacha, H., Tekaya, M., Drine, S., Guasami, F., Touil, L., Enneb, H., Triki, T., Cheour, F. & Ferchichi, A. (2017). Impact of salt stress on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Microtom leaves. South African Journal of Botany, 108, 364–369.
  17. Rana, V., Ram, S. & Nehra, K. (2017). Proline biosynthesis and its role in abiotic stress. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(3), 2319-2473.
  18. Al Hassan, M., Pacurar, A., López-Gresa, M.P., Donat-Torres, M., Llinares, J. Boscaiu, M. & Vicente, O. (2016). Effects of salt stress on three ecologically distinct Plant ago species. PLoS One, 11, e0160236.
  19. Abdel Aziz, M. N., Xuan, T. D., Mekawy, A. M. M., Wang, H. & Khanh, T. D. (2018). Relationship of salinity tolerance to Na+ exclusion, proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice seedlings. Agriculture, 8(11), 166-178.
  20. Arteaga, S., Yabor, L., Díez, M. J., Prohens, J., Boscaiu, M. & Vicente, O., (2020). The use of proline in screening for tolerance to drought and salinity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Agronomy, 10(6), 817-834.
  21. Sehrawat, N., Jaiwal, P. K., Yadav, M., Bhat, K. V. & Sairam, R. K. (2013). Salinity stress restraining mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) production: gateway for genetic improvement. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 6(9), 505- 600.
  22. Tu, J. C. (1981). Effect of salinity on Rhizobium-root hair interaction, nodulation and growth of soybean. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 61(2), 231–239.
  23. Dhugga, K. S., Wanes, J. G. & Leonard, L. (1988). Nitrate absorbtion by corn roots. Inhibition by phenylglyoxal. Plant Physiology, 86(3), 759-763.
  24. Sunita, K., Srivastava, M., Abbasi, P. & Muruganandam, M. (2019). Impact of Salinity on Growth and N 2-Fixation in Melilotus indicus. Journal of Plant Science and Reserch, 35(1), 109-119.
  25. Zahran, H. H. (1999). Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 63(4), 968-989.
  26. Fazaeli, A. & Besharati, H. (2012). Effect of salinity on some growth indices and total protein content of alfalfa genotypes inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 3(1), 25-38. [In Persian]
  27. Sepehri, M., Jahandideh mahjen abadi, V., Asadi rahmani, H. & Sadeghi hosni, A. (2015). Influence of Rhizobium leguminosarum b.v. phaseoli bacteria on growth, activity of antioxidant enzymes and nutrient uptake of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under salinity stress. Journal of Soil Management Sustainable Production, 5(2), 165-180.
  28. Tattini, M., Lombardini, L. & Gucci, R. (1997). The effect of NaCl stress and relief on gas exchange properties of two olive cultivars differing in tolerance to salinity. Plant and Soil, 197(1), 87-93.
  29. Wood, A. J. (1999). Comparison of salt-induced osmotic adjustment and trigonelline accumulation in two soybean cultivars. Biologia Plantarum, 42(3), 389-394.
  30. Reginato, M., Travaglia, C., Reinoso, H., Garello, F. & Luna, V. (2016). Salt mixtures induce anatomical modifications in the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Flora, 218, 75-85.
  31. Bybordi, A. 2012. Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 1092-1101.
  32. Moravveji, S., Zamani, G., Kafi, M., & Alizadeh, Z. (2017). Effect of different salinity levels on yield and yield components of spring canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.) and Indian mustard (B. juncea L.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 10(3), 445-457. [In Persian]
  33. Noroozi, M., Chavoshie, E. & Ghajar Sepanlou, M. (2022). Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity on Relative Yield and Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Sorghum. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 36(1), 55-73. [In Persian]
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 19-38

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار