بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری کلرید سدیم بر تجمع سدیم، پتاسیم، نیتروژن و اسید آمینه پرولین در ارقام سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی ، دانشگاه جامع علمی - کاربردی استان اردبیل. ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت،دانشکده تولید گیاهی ،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،گرگان، ایران

3 استاد گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت دانشکده تولید گیاهی ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه وهدف: افزایش روزافزون شوری آب وخاک وخسارت ناشی ازآن بر تولیدات گیاهی، بررسی اثرات شوری برگیاهان زراعی را ضروری می‌کند. مطالعه تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی درشرایط تنش، راهکار مناسبی است که می‌تواند به شناسایی فاکتورهای مؤثر در تحمل به تنش شوری و انتخاب ارقام متحمل کمک نماید. با توجه به اهمیت سویا (Glycine max L.) در اقتصاد جهانی و نیاز به روغن‌های خوراکی و پروتئین‌های گیاهی این آزمایش با هدف انتخاب رقم متحمل سویا به شوری و شناسائی سازوکارهای تحمل شوری انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل شوری در چهار سطح (عدم استفاده از شوری به عنوان شاهد، کاربرد 30، 60 و 80 میلی مولNaCl ) و ارقام مختلف سویا (هیل، LBK، BP، هاگ، دیر، گرگان 3، سحر، هابیت، ویلیامز، JK و LWK ) بودند. در این آزمایش بذور با باکتری ریزبیوم ژاپونیکوم تلقیح شدند و در گلدان‌های حاوی ماسه کشت شدند. از ابتدای کاشت تا ظهور برگ اصلی گلدان ها فقط با آب معمولی آبیاری ‌شدند و پس از ظاهر شدن برگ اصلی آبیاری با محلول هوگلند بدون نیترات ادامه یافت. بوته‌ها پس از 60 روز برداشت شدند و درصد Na+ و K+، نسبت Na+/K+، پرولین، درصد نیتروژن، عملکرد نیتروژن و وزن خشک کل اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SASو آزمون LSD انجام شد.
یافته‌ها : بررسی نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش شوری، درصد سدیم، نسبت Na+/K+ و مقدار پرولین در تمامی ارقام افزایش و وزن خشک کل، درصد پتاسیم و عملکرد نیتروژن کاهش می‌یابد. رقم دیر با داشتن بالاترین درصد نیتروژن در سطوح 0، 30، 60 و 80 میلی‌مول کلرید سدیم و کمترین درصد کاهش میزان نیتروژن (28%) دارای کمترین کاهش وزن خشک کل (54%) از تیمار شاهد به تیمار80 میلی‌مول بود. با افزایش شوری از تیمار شاهد به تیمار 80 میلی‌مول کلرید سدیم، رقم هاگ دارای کمترین میزان افزایش درصد سدیم و کمترین درصد کاهش جذب پتاسیم و پایین‌ترین میزان نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم در مقایسبه‌ با سایر ارقام بود و ارقامLWK ، LBK و سحر با داشتن بیشترین میزان تجمع سدیم، بالاترین نسبتNa+/K+ ، تولید پایین پرولین و ماده خشک، کمترین تحمل را به شوری داشتند. ضرایب همبستگی بین وزن خشک کل با درصد پتاسیم (**904/0) و درصد نیتروژن (**902/0) نیز نشان داد ارقامی که توانایی جذب پتاسیم و نیتروژن بالاتری دارند، ماده خشک بیشتری نیز تولید می‌کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، به نظر می‌رسد ارقـام متحمل با سازوکارهایی مانند جذب کمتر سدیم ، افزایش جذب پتاسیم و تنظیم پتانسیل اسمزی با تنش شوری مقابله می‌کنند. در بین ارقام مورد بررسی و با توجه به شاخص های اندازه‌گیری شده، می‌توان از رقم دیر به عنوان رقم متحمل برای کشـت در اراضـی شور و از رقم هاگ در برنامه‌های اصلاح نژاد استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salinity stress on accumulation of Na+, K+, N ions, and proline in soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Rostami hir 1
  • Serollah Galeshi 2
  • Afshin soltani 3
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 4
1 Lecturer at Ardabil University of Applied Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Increasing water and soil salinity and the damage caused by it on plant products make it necessary to investigate the effects of salinity on crop plants. Studying the physiological traits changes under stress conditions is a suitable method for identifying the factors that affect crop tolerance to salinity stress and selecting tolerant cultivars.
Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural. Experiment factors included the applying four salinity levels with Hoagland solution (no application of salinity as control, application of 30, 60, and 80 mM NaCl) and different soybean cultivars (Hill, LBK, BP, Hog, Deer, Gorgan 3, Sahr, Hobbit, Williams, JK, and LWK). In this experiment, soybean seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum bacteria and planted in pots containing sand. The irrigation was done by distilled water from the planting until the appearance of the main leaf, and after that, Hoagland's solution (without nitrogen) continued. Seedlings were harvested after 60 days and Na+ and K+ percentage, Na+/K+ ratio, proline, nitrogen percentage, nitrogen yield, and total dry weight were measured. Analysis of variance and comparison of the means (LSD test) was done by the SAS software (version 9).
Results: The results show that with increasing the salinity, sodium percentage, Na+/K+ ratio, and proline amount increased and total dry weight, potassium percentage, and nitrogen yield decreased. Deer cultivar with the highest percentage of nitrogen at the levels of 0, 30, 60, and mM NaCl and the lowest percentage of nitrogen reduction (28%) have the lowest total dry weight reduction (54%) from the control treatment to the 80 mM treatment. Hag cultivar have the lowest increase in sodium percentage and the lowest percentage decrease in potassium absorption and the lowest Na+/K+ ratio compared to other varieties. LWK, LBK, and Sahar cultivars had the lowest tolerance to salinity with the highest amount of sodium accumulation, the highest Na+/K+ ratio, and low production of proline, and dry matter. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there was the most positive and significant correlation between total dry weight and potassium percentage (0.904**) and nitrogen percentage (0.902**).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that the tolerant cultivars deal with salinity stress with mechanisms such as more potassium absorption and osmotic potential regulation. Among the investigated cultivars and according to the measured indicators, the Deer cultivar was recognized as a tolerant cultivar and can be used for cultivation in saline lands and the Hag cultivar can be used in breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Na+/K+ ratio
  • Nitrogen
  • Proline
  • Salt Stress
  • Soybean

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 19-38

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