اثر تنش خشکی و کود زیستی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش خشکی از مهمترین عوامل کاهنده عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک از جمله شرایط آب و هوایی کشور ایران می‏باشد. در شرایط تنش خشکی یکی از راه‏کارهای کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی و در نتیجه افزایش جذب آب توسعه ریشه‏ها به واسطه کاربرد کودهای زیستی می‏باشد. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کاربرد کودهای زیستی نیتروژنه و فسفره بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و همچنین محتوای رنگیزه‏های فتوسنتزی پنبه صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش‏ها: آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات با طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این پژوهش سطوح آبیاری شامل آبیاری معمول در طول دوره رشد به عنوان شاهد (60 میلی‏متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر)، تنش خفیف خشکی در طول دوره رشد (90 میلی‏متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) و تنش شدید خشکی در طول دوره رشد (120 میلی‏متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) به عنوان عامل اصلی و 4 تیمارکود زیستی شامل عدم استفاده از کود زیستی (شاهد)، کود زیستی ازتوباکتر، کود زیستی بیوفسفر و تلفیق کودهای زیستی ازتوباکتر و بیوفسفر به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‏ها: نتایج نشان داد عملکرد وش، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و محتوای رنگیزه‏های فتوسنتزی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار گرفتند. تنش خشکی منجر به کاهش ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد وش، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید گردید. تنش خشکی محتوای قندهای محلول و پرولین را افزایش داد و هر چند محتوای نسبی آب برگ و پایداری غشای سلول را کاهش داد ولی کاربرد کودهای زیستی سبب بهبود آنها شد. بالاترین محتوای پرولین برگ‏ها به میزان 63/3 میلی‏گرم بر گرم وزن تازه برگ‏ها در تیمار کاربرد هم‏زمان کودهای زیستی ازتوباکتر و بیوفسفر و در سطح تیمار تنش خشکی حاصل شد. بالاترین محتوای کلروفیل کل در تیمار شاهد و کاربرد توأم کودهای بیوفسفر و ازتوباکتر به میزان 75/3 میلی‏گرم بر کیلوگرم حاصل شد. نتایج بیانگر اثر منفی تنش خشکی بر عملکرد وش بود به طوری که در تیمار شاهد میزان عملکرد وش 3536 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود در حالی که در تیمارهای تنش خشکی خفیف و شدید میزان عملکرد و وش به ترتیب برابر با 2550 و 1495 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین کاربرد همزمان دو کود بیوفسفر و ازتوباکتر با اثر سینرژیستی خود منجر به افزایش بیشتر عملکرد وش تا 2722 کیلوگرم در هکتار شد. نتیجه‏گیری: در کل نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی منجر به کاهش میزان رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی پنبه، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و شاخص پایداری غشای سلولی شد و میزان پرولین و قند محلول تحت این شرایط افزایش یافت که منجر به اثر منفی بر عملکرد وش شد. این در حالی بود که کاربرد کودهای زیستی در شرایط تنش توانست با بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه پنبه و افزایش محتوای رنگیزه‏های فتوسنتزی میزان عملکرد وش در پنبه را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress and biofertilizer on yield and physiological characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Isfahan climatic

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Jafaraghaei
Assistant professor of Isfahan Province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the most important factors that reduce the yield of crops in arid and semi-arid regions, including the climatic conditions of Iran. In the conditions of drought stress, one of the solutions to reduce the negative effects caused by drought stress and as a result increase water absorption is the development of roots through the use of biological fertilizers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress and the application of nitrogen and phosphorus biofertilizers on the yield and some physiological characteristics as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments of cotton.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a split plot with a randomized complete block design in three replications. In this research, irrigation levels include normal irrigation during the growth period as a control (60 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan), medium drought stress during the growth period (90 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan) and severe drought stress during the period. growth (120 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan) as the main factor and 4 biofertilizer treatments, including no use of biofertilizer (control), Aztobacter biofertilizer, biophosphorus biofertilizer, and the combination of Aztobacter biofertilizers and biophosphorus as secondary factors.
Results: The results showed that the yield, physiological characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigments were affected by the experimental treatments. Drought stress led to a decrease in plant height, yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid. Drought stress increased the content of soluble sugars and proline, and although it reduced the relative content of leaf water and cell membrane stability, the application of biofertilizers improved them. The highest proline content of 3.63 mg/g fresh weight of leaves was obtained in the treatment of simultaneous application of biofertilizers Aztobacter and biophosphorus and at the level of drought stress treatment. The highest total chlorophyll content was obtained in the control treatment and the combined use of biophosphorus and azotobacter fertilizers at the rate of 3.75 mg/kg. The results showed the negative effect of drought stress on rice yield, so that in the control treatment, rice yield was 3536 kg per hectare, while in medium and severe drought stress treatments, rice yield was 2550 and 1495 kg per hectare, respectively. Also, the simultaneous application of biophosphorus and azotobacter fertilizers with their synergistic effect led to a further increase in rice yield up to 2722 kg/ha.
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that drought stress led to a decrease in cotton photosynthetic pigments, relative

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • chlorophyll
  • cotton
  • drought
  • proline

مراجع

  1. iazi, N. & Mirzaei Heydari, M. (2017). The effect of biofertilizers, urban compost and vermicompost on quantitative and qualitative traits of cotton. Iranian Cotton Research Journal, 6(2), 25-42. [In Persian]
  2. Mirsaleh Mahabadi, A., Rizvan, S. & Damavandi, A. (2019). Investigating quantitative and qualitative changes in durum wheat yield with the application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers under different levels of irrigation. Sci. Crop Physiol. Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch. 12: 80-65. [In Persian]
  3. Ali, S., Xu, Y., Jia, I., Ahmad, T., Wei, X., Ren, P., Zhang, R., Din, T., Cai, T. & Jia, Z. (2018). Cultivation techniques combined with deficit irrigation improves winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter translocation and water use efficiency under simulated rainfall conditions. AGR Water Manage.
  4. Ismailian, Y. (2018). Investigating the effect of organic and chemical feeding methods on the quantitative characteristics of forage and millet grain (Panicum miliaceum) under drought stress conditions at the end of the season. Publication of production and processing of agricultural and horticultural products. 9, 17-32. [In Persian]
  5. Farooq, M., Hhussain, M. & Siddique, K.H. (2014). Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling periods. Crit. Rev. Plant Science, 33, 331-349.
  6. Alam, H., Khattak, J. Z. K., Ksiksi, T. S., Saleem, M. H., Fahad, S. & Sohail, H. (2020). Negative impact of long-term exposure of salinity and drought stress on native Tetraena mandavillei Physiologia Plantaorum, 26, 1–16.
  7. Lv, X., Ding, Y., Long, M., Liang, W., Gu, X., Liu, Y. & Wen, X. (2021). Effect of Foliar Application of Various Nitrogen Forms on Starch Accumulation and Grain Filling of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Under Drought Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 645379.
  8. Abdel-Motagally, F. M. F. & El-Zohri, M. (2018). Improvement of wheat yield grown under drought stress by boron foliar application at different growth stages. Journal of Saudi Society of Agricultural Science, 17, 178-185.
  9. Allahverdiyev, T.I., Talai, J.M., Huseynova, I.M. & Aliyev, J.A. (2015). Effect of drought stress on some physiological parameters, yield, yield components of durum (Triticum durum) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genotypes. BISAB Journal, 1, 50-62.
  10. Lak, S. (2012). Evaluation of physiological traits effective on corn grain yield at different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant density. Crop Physiologu Journal, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch, 5, 17-33. [In Persian]
  11. Arab Niaser, L., Mirzakhani, M. & Nemin Namin, K. (2018). Investigating the efficiency of nitrogen and the yield of white beans under the integrated application of organic and biological fertilizers. Journal of Sustainable agriculture Production, 29, 1-11. [In Persian]
  12. Ashraf, M.Y., Azmi, A.R., Khan, A.H. & Ala, S.A. (1994). Effect of water stress and total phenols, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content in wheat. Acta Physiolia Plantarum,16, 185-191.
  13. Schlemmer, M. R., D. D., Francis, Shanahan, J. F. & Schepers, J. S. (2005). Remotely measuring chlorophyll content in corn leaves with differing nitrogen levels and relative water content. Agronomy Journal, 97, 106-112.
  14. Farnia, A. & Roozbahani, V. (2014). Effect of phpsphate and nitrogene bio-fertilizers on yield and yield components common wheate (Triticum aestivum) in oshtorinan region, lorestan provience, iran. Trend in life Science, 3, 91-99.
  15. Jalali Condolji, R. & Yarnia, M. (2014). The response of yield and related traits of pinto-bean cultivars towards the use of nitrogen chemical and biological fertilizers. Journal of Biodiversity and Environment Science, 5, 469-478.
  16. Rahimizadeh, M. (2019). Evaluation of growth and performance of cotton in competition with weeds under conditions of using chemical and biological fertilizers. Agriculture and Crop, 22(2): 255-245. (In Persian)
  17. Ben Hamed, K., Castagna, A., Salem, E., Ranieri, A. & Abdelly, C. (2007). Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 53, 185-194.
  18. Kumar, H. (2000). Development potential of safflower in comparision to sunflower. Sesame and safflower news letter. Annals of Botany, 15, 86-89.
  19. Prochazka, S., Machaackova, I., Kreekule, J. & Sebanek, J. (1998). Plant physiology. Academia. Praha 484 PP.
  20. Hellubust J.A. & Caraigie J.S. 1978. Handbook of physiological methods. Physiological and biochemical Methods. Cambridge University Press PP: 250.
  21. Bates, I.S., Waldern, R.P. & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free prolin for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  22. Shaaban, M. (2011). Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer application on growth, yield and storage proteins of chickpea in Kermanshah region. Master's thesis in agriculture. Razi University of Kermanshah. 122 pages. [In Persian]
  23. Levitt, J. (1980). Response of plants to environmental stresses. Vol, II. Water, radiation, salt and other stresses. Academic press. New York. 3- 211.
  24. Mansurifer, S., Shaaban, M., Qobadi, M. & Sabaghpour, S. H. (2011). Physiological characteristics of cultivated chickpea cultivars. Cicer arietinum L under the effect of drought stress and starter nitrogen fertilizer. Iranian Legume Research Journal, 3, 66-53. [In Persian]
  25. Mohammadzadeh, A., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Moghadam, H. & Akbari, M. (2011). The effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on the physiological traits of two red bean genotypes. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, (3), 294-307.
  26. Turkan, I., Bor, F. Ozdemir, M. & Koca, H. (2005). Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought tolerant acutifolius Gray and drought sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science, 168, 223-231.
  27. El-Kheir, M.S.A., Kandil, S.A. & B.B. (1994). Physiological response of two soybean cultivars grown under stress conditions as affected by CCC treatment. Egyption Journal of Physiological Science, 18(1), 179-200.
  28. Salehpour, M., Ebadi, A., Izadi, M. & Jamaati-e-Somarin, S. (2009). Evaluation of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer effects on relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll and some other traits of lentils (Lens culinaris ) under hydroponics conditions. Research Journal of Environment Science, 3, 103-109.
  29. Davodi, S. H., Rahmi Karizki, A., Nakhzari Moghadam, A. & Gholam Alipour Alamdari, A. (2017). The effect of low irrigation stress on yield and physiological characteristics of bean cultivars. Plant Production and Technology, 18, 83-95. (In Persian)
  30. Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, A., Labaschi, M. H., Naderi Haji Bagherkandi, M. & Moghadmi, F. (2005). The effect of drought stress on the amount of proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water in lemongrass Mellissa officialis Journal of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research, 23, 513-504. [In Persian]
  31. Ramroudi, M. & Malazahi, M. (2013). The effect of biological fertilizers on yield and quality of mung bean under drought stress. The third seed science and technology conference. Karaj. Karaj Seed and Seedling Institute. 5 pages. [In Persian]
  32. Jiang, W., Zhu, A., Wang, C., Zhang, F. & Jiao, X. (2020). Optimizing wheat production and reducing environmental impacts through scientist–farmer engagement: lessons from the North China Plain. Food and Energy Secence, 10:e255.
  33. Mehrjardi, M. Z., Bagheri, A. R., Bahrami, A. R., Nabati, J. & Masoumi, A. (2011). The effect of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics, phenolic compounds and active radical scavenging capacity of different chickpea genotypes in water culture environment. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Plants, 3, 74-59. [In Persian]
  34. Paknejad, F., Jami Al-Ahmad, S., Wazan, M. & Ardakani, M.R. (2008). Investigating the effect of moisture stress in different stages of growth on performance and efficiency. Journal of Agriculture Science, 1, 148-139. [In Persian]
  35. Surkhi, F. & Fatih, M. (2018). Effect of drought stress on leaf area index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and proline content in two legume varieties. Environment and Agriculture Science, 12, 399-389. [In Persian]
  36. Rad, M.R.N., Kadir, M.A. & Yusop, M.R. (2012). Genetic behaviour for plant capacity to produce chlorophyll in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under drought stress. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6, 415-420.
  37. Ghanjalipour Ghoshki, M., Abdullahi, F. & Sadeghi Lari, A. (2022). The effect of mycorrhizal biofertilizer on physiological indicators and economic performance of lettuce under drought stress conditions. Scientific Journal of Vegetable Science, 5, 195-177. [In Persian]
  38. Wang, J., Fu, Z., Ren, Q., Zhu, L., Lin, J., Zhang, J., Cheng, X., Ma, J. & Yue, J. (2019). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake of Zelkova serrata (thunb.) makino seedlings under salt stress. Forests, 186.
  39. Oukarroum, A., Schansker, G. & Strasser, R.J. (2009). Drought stress effects on photosystem I content and photosystem II thermotolerance analyzed using Chl a fluorescence kinetics in barley varieties differing in their drought tolerance. Physiololia Plantarum, 137, 188- 199.
  40. Ahmadi, A., Saidi, M. & Jahansoz, M.R. (2006). Distribution pattern of photosynthetic materials and seed filling in improved wheat varieties under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 36(6), 1333-1343. [In Persian]
  41. Jahangiri Nia, E., Syyadat, A., Koochakzadeh, A., Sayyahfar, M. & Moradi Telavat, M. R. (2017). The effect of vermicompost and mycorrhizal inoculation on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) under water Stress Condition. Journal of Agroecology, 8, 583-597.
  42. Rapparini, F. & Penuelas, J. (2014). Mycorrhizal fungi to alleviate drought stress on plant growth. In: M., Miransari M. (Ed.). Use of microbes for the alleviation of soil stresses (vol 1). (pp. 21-42). Springer New York.
  43. Tambussi, E. A., Bartoli, J. Bettran, J. J. Guiamet J. & Araus, C. (2000). Oxidative damage to thylakoids proteins in water stressed leaves of wheat (Triticumaestivum ). Physiologia Plantarum, 108, 398-404.
  44. Wu, F.Z., Bao, W.K., Li, F.L. & Wu, N. (2008). Efects of water stress and nitrogen supply on leaf gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of Sophora davidii International Journal of Photosynthesis Research, 46, 40- 48.
  45. Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Al-juburi, H.J., Somasundaram, R. & Panneerselva, A.M. (2009). Drought stress plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 100-105.
  46. Sharma, R. & Saikia, R. (2013). Alleviation of drought stress in mung bean by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa GGRJ21. Plant andSoil, (doi:10.1007/s11104-013-1981-9).
  47. Yooyongwech, S., Phaukinsang, N., Cha-Um, S. & Supaibulwatana, K. (2013). Arbuscular mycorrhiza improved growth performance in Macadamia tetraphylla grown under water deficit stress involves soluble sugar and proline accumulation. Plant Growth Regulation, 69, 285-293.
  48. Wu, Q. S. & Zou, Y. N. (2009). Mycorrhiza has a direct effect on reactive oxygen metabolism of drought-stressed citrus. Plant Soil Environment, 55, 436-442.
  49. 49 Li, H., Lascano, R.J., Booker, J., Wilson, L.T., Bronson, K.F. & Segarra, E. (2002). State-space description of underlying field heterogeneity on water and nitrogen use in cotton. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 66, 585-595.
  50. DeTar, W.R. (2008). Yield and growth characteristics for cotton under various irrigation regimes on sandy soil. Agriculture and Water Management, 95 69-76
  51. Ennahl, I.S., & Earl, H. (2005). Physiological limitati on to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in cotton under water stress. Crop Science, 45, 2374-2382.
  52. Uma, B., & Malathi, M. (2009). Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth and yield of Amaranthus species. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biology Science, 5(6), 1054-1060.
  53. Jat, R.S. & Ahlawat, I.P.S. (2008). Direct and residual effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and phosphorus on soil nutrient dynamics and productivity of chickpea-fodder maize sequence. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(1), 41- 54.
  54. Kumar, G.A., Bishwas, R., Mahendra, P.S., Vibha, U. & Chandan, K.S. (2011). Effect of fertilizers and vermicompost on growth, yield and biochemical changes in abelmoschus esculentus. Plant Architecture, 11(1), 285-287.
  55. Tagaev, A.M., Daurenbek, N.M. & Bastaubaeva, S.O. (2022). The effect of biofertilizers on cotton productivity and quality. Earth Environmental Science, 10(43), 49-55.
  56. Pulatov, A., Amanturdiev, S., Nazarov, K., Adilov, M. and& Khaitov, B. (2016). Effect of biofertilizers on growth and yield of cotton in different soil conditions. Cotton Genomix and Genetic, 7(1), 1-7.
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 16، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 41-66

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار