بررسی اثر نانوسلنیوم در بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و زراعی کلزای بهاره در شرایط تنش آبی انتهای فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی و مربی دانشگاه جامع علمی – کاربردی اردبیل، ایران،

2 دانشیارگروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

3 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی،اردبیل، ایران،

4 استاد ، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی،اردبیل، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه وهدف: تنش کم‌آبی یکی از رایج‌ترین تنش‌های غیر‌زیستی است که رشد و نمو و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی مانند کلزا را کاهش می‌دهد. استفاده از ریز‌مغذی‌ها در گیاهان دانه روغنی‌، به‌عنوان یکی از راهکارهای بسیار مفید و کارآمد در شرایط تنش خشکی است که ضمن افزایش عملکرد دانه‌، به افزایش مقاومت گیاه منجر می‌شود. برهمین اساس، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد برگی نانوسلنیوم بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و زراعی کلزای بهاره در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ‌‌محلول‌پاشی نانوسلنیوم بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و زراعی کلزا تحت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل این آزمایش بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و غلظت‌های نانوسلنیوم (صفر (شاهد)، 25، 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) به‌عنوان کرت فرعی که بر روی رقم هایولا 401 انجام گرفت. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل کلروفیلa ، کلروفیلb ، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، فلورسانس کلروفیل (فلورسانس حداقل، حداکثر و متغیر)، کارایی کوانتومی فتوسیستمII ، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، میزان هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت یافته از برگ‌ها، میزان مالون دی‌آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و عملکرد دانه بودند. تجزیه‌های آماری و مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSAS انجام و مقایسه میانگین‌ها توسط آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی‌دار (LSD) انجام گردید.
یافته‌ها: تنش کم‌آبی به‌طور معنی‌داری میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و عملکرد دانه را کاهش و میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدئید برگ، نشت یونی و فلورسانس کلروفیل را افزایش داد. محلول پاشی نانو‌‌سلنیوم با غلظت 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر با افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (82 درصد)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (29درصد)، کلروفیل کل (64 درصد) و همچنین کاهش 23 درصدی میزان هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت شده از برگ‌ها، اثرات منفی تنش کم‌آبی را کاهش داد. به‌طوری که عملکرد دانه با محلول‏پاشی 50 میلی‌گرم نانوسلنیوم به میزان 45 درصد در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، افزایش یافت. عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار را بین صفات بررسی شده با کلروفیل a و کلروفیل کل (**96%) داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نانوسلنیوم در شرایط آبیاری نرمال و قطع آبیاری شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی و صفات شیمیایی را بهبود می‌دهد. محلول‌پاشی نانو‌سلنیوم به خصوص در غلظت 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر از طریق افزایش سنتز کلروفیل و بهبود فتوسنتز اثرات تنش کم‌آبی را کاهش و با بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط مساعد و نامساعد محیطی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of nanoselenium in improving the physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of spring rapeseed under water deficit stress at the end of the season

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Rostamihir 1
  • Parisa sheikhzadeh 2
  • Saeid Khomari 3
  • Nasser Zare 4
1 Doctoral student of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and instructor of Ardabil Comprehensive Scientific and Applied University, Iran. Lecturer at Ardabil University of Applied Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Water deficit stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses that reduce the growth and yield of crops such as oilseed rape. The utilization of micronutrients in oilseed crops is one of the most useful and effective approach for improving the grain yield and plant adaptation under drought stress conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles on physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress.
Materials and methods: To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles on on some physiological, biochemical and agricultural characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at research farm station of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2017-2018. The treatments were irrigation (normal irrigation and omitting irrigation at the flowering stage) as main plots and selenium nanoparticles foliar application ((0 (control), 25 and 50 mg/l) as sub-plots. The cultivar studied was Hayola 401. The measured traits included Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Total Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, F0, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, relative water content, ion leakage, malondialdehyde, Catalase and grain yield. Analysis of variance and comparison of their means using by LSD test were done by the SAS software (version 9).
Results: According to the results, drought stress significantly reduced the amount of photosynthetic pigment, relative water content and grain yield while amount malondialdehyde, ion leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence increased under drought stress conditions. Foliar spraying of nanoselenium with a concentration of 50 mg/liter increased catalase enzyme activity (82%), relative leaf water content (29 %), total chlorophyll (64 %) and decreased electrical conductivity of materials leaked from leaves by 23% could reduce the negative effects of drought stress. so that the grain yield increased (45%) by spraying 50 mg/l selenium nanoparticles in under drought stress conditions. The most positive and significantc orrelations were observed between grain yield and chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll (96** %).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the using of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles under favorable irrigation conditions and drought stress could improve photosynthetic indices and biochemical traits. Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles, especially at 50 mg/l concentration, reduced the effects of drought stress by increasing the synthesis of chlorophyll and improving the process of photosynthesis and improved physiological and biochemical indices, thus improving the grain yield in favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase Chlorophyll fluorescence
  • Nanoparticles
  • Relative water content
  • Water deficit stress

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 16، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 69-90

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