نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: In order to improve soil fertility, increase the capacity to hold water and nutrients in the soil, as well as improve the growth and yield of plants, the use of different organic fertilizers in the soil has great importance due to the problem of lack of organic matter in most soils of Iran. However, organic fertilizers alone are not able to meet the needs of plants and are not sufficiently available to farmers. On the other hand, the high consumption of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution and increases production costs. Therefore, in order to efficiently and effectively use organic and chemical fertilizers and achieve sustainable agriculture, combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended. Considering the effect of heat stress at the end of the season on the reduction of wheat production in Khuzestan, as well as the effect of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing the use of organic and biological fertilizers on the health of agricultural ecosystems, this experiment aims to investigate the effect of combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and the application of growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in late season heat conditions on the growth and yield of wheat were designed and implemented.
Materials and methods: This research was carried out in order to investigate the response of Chamran 2 wheat yield and yield components to combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and growth promoting bacteria under the effect of late season heat stress. The experiment was carried out in the form of split-split plots in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks with three replications in the crop year of 2021-2022 in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The experimental factors include three planting dates on December 1, December 20 and December 10 in the main plots; Six levels of combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea) with organic fertilizer, sugarcane residue compost, including control (without chemical and organic fertilizer), 100% chemical fertilizer, 75% chemical fertilizer+ 25% organic fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer, 25% chemical fertilizer+ 75% organic fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer in sub-plots and two levels of application and non-application of growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in sub-plots. Each sub-plot was 3 meters long and 2 meters wide (with an area of 6 square meters) and included 10 crop lines at a distance of 20 cm from each other. The distance between the main and sub plots was half a meter and the distance between the blocks was considered to be two meters. After harvest maturity, the plants were harvested and the desired traits were measured.
Results: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of sowing date and the combined use of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer of sugarcane residue compost were significant on all measured traits. Also, the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria was significant on all the measured traits except harvest index. Mean comparison showed that the highest grain yield (5663 kg/ha) was in the sowing date of 1 December and the use of 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer and the lowest grain yield (1155 kg/ha) was in the planting date of 10 December and no use of chemical and organic fertilizers. In general, the delay in planting and the occurrence of heat stress at the end of the season caused a decrease in grain yield, but in different planting dates, the combined use of 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer increased wheat grain yield.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
1.Emam, Y. (2011). Ceraeal Production. ShirazUniv. Press, 194 p. (In Persian)
2.Anonymous. (2020). Agricultural Statistics: Crops. Ministry of Agriculture. Tehran. 92 p. (In Persian)
3.Eskandari, H. & Kazzemi, K. (2016). Reaction of grain yield and resource activity of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to water deficit stress applied after pollination. Environ. Stress. Crop Sci. 9: 3. 303-306. (In Persian)
4.Joudi, M., Ahmadi, A., Mohammadi, V., Abbasi, A. & Mohammadi, H. (2014). Genetic Changes in agronomic and phenologic traits of Iranian wheat cultivation crowd in different environmental conditions. Euphytica. 196: 237-249.
5.Kadar, R., Muntean, L., Racz, I., Ona, A.D., Ceclan, A. & Hiriscau, D. (2019). The effect of genotype, climatic conditions and nitrogen fertilization on yield and grain protein content of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca. 7:2.515-521.
6.Omidi, M., Siahpoosh, M.R., Mamghani, R. & Modarresi, M. (2013). The effects of terminal heat stress on yield, yield components and some morpho-phenological traits of wheat genotypes in Ahwaz weather conditions. J. Crop Prod. 6: 4. 33-53. (In Persian)
7.Dou, Z., Tang, S., Li, G., Liu, Z., Ding, C., Chen, L., Wang, S. & Ding, Y. (2017). Application of nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage improves rice quality under elevated temperature during grain-filling stage. Crop Sci. 57: 4. 2183-2192.
8.Gaju, O., DeSilva, J., Carvalho, P., Hawkesford, M.J., Griffiths, S., Greenland, A. & Foulkes, M.J. (2016). Leaf photosynthesis and associations with grain yield, biomass and nitrogen-use efficiency in landraces, synthetic derived lines and cultivars in wheat. Field Crop Res. 193: 1-15.
9.Rae, Y., Eshaghi Sardroud, S.N. & Bagheri Pirouz, A. (2013). The effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on the yield of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Digit Speedfeed in different folds. J. Agric. Ecol. 5: 3. 231-242. (In Persian)
10.Chauhan, M.K., Chaudhary, S. & Kumar, S. (2011). Life cycle assessment of sugar industry: a review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 15: 7. 3445-3453.
11.Alikhani, H.A. & Sawaqabi, Gh. (2013). Compost production for sustainable agriculture. TehranUniv. Press. 280 p. (In Persian)
12.Karmollachaab, A., Siadat, A., Hamdi, H., Monjezi, H. & Kochakzadeh, A. (2017). Effect of filter cake on physiological traits and ear yield of sweet corn under late drought stress condition. J. Agroecol. 9: 2. 421-432. (In Persian)
13.Behdarvandi, H., Khoshnavaz, S., Ghorbanizadeh Kharazi, H. & Boroomand Nasab, S. (2022). Simulating the growth of maize and soil moisture distribution using AquaCrop model and application of sugarcane compost. Iran. Water Res. J. 15: 4. 69-82. (In Persian)
14.Faezizadeh, A. & Shokohfar, A.R. (2020). Effect of filter cake levels on morphological traits and corn yield (S.C.704) under different irrigation regimes. Environ. Stress Crop Sci. 13: 3. 805-814. (In Persian)
15.Sarikhani, M.R. & Amini, R. (2020). Biofertilizer in Sustainable Agriculture: Review on the Researches of Biofertilizers in Iran. J. Agric. Knowl Sustain. Prod. 30: 1. 329-369. (In Persian)
16.East, R. 2013. Microbiome: Soil science comes to life. Nature. 501: S19.
17.Kim, Y. C., Glick, B. R., Bashan, Y. & Ryu, C. M. (2012). Enhancement of plant drought tolerance by microbes. P 383-413, In: R. Aroca (ed), Plant responses to drought stress, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
18.Esitken, A., Hilal, Y., Ercisli, S., Figen Donmez, M., Tyran, M. & Gunes, A. (2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Sci. Hortic. 124: 1. 62-66.
19.Marasco, R., Rolli, E., Ettoumi, B., Vigani, G., Mapelli, F., Borin, S. & Zocchi, G. (2012). A drought resistance-promoting microbiome is selected by root system under desert farming. 7: 10. e48479.
20.Azadi, S., Siyadat, S.A., Naseri, R., Soleimani Fard, A. & Mirzaei, A. (2013). Effect of integrated application of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative of durum wheat. J. Crop Ecophysiol. 7: 2. 129-146. (In Persian)
21.Zare, L., Ronaghi, A., Ghasemi, R. & Moosavi, S.A. (2016). The Effect of vermicompost on reducing the adverse effects of water stress on growth and chemical composition of corn in a calcareous soil. J. Water Soil. 30: 1607-1619. (In Persian)
22.Kahrizi, A. & Sepehri, S. (2019). Effect of vermicompost, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield and yield components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under terminal drought stress. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 29. 67-83. (In Persian)
24.Lotfali-Ayeneh, G.A., Naderi, A. & Andarzian, B. (2013). A Guide to planting, growing and harvesting of wheat in Khuzestan province. Khuzestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center. Ahvaz 168p. (In Persian)
28.Moshatati, A. & Mousavi, S.H. (2019). Effect of zinc sulfate application on grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Chamran’) under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahvaz. Iran J. Crop Sci. 21: 3. 254-267. (In Persian)
29.Asif, M., Maqsood, M., Ali, A., Hassan, S.W., Hussain, A., Ahmad, Sh. & Arshid Javed, M. (2012). Growth, yield components and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivune L.) affected different irrigation regimes and nitrogen management strategy. Int. Sci. 24: 2. 215-218.
30.Salmani Biary, E., Ajamnoruzi, H. & Taheri, Gh. (2011). Physiological response of wheat cultivars to nitrogen source. J. Plant Sci. Res. 6: 2. 67-72. (In Persian)
31.Sandhya, V.D., Ali, S.Z., Grover, M., Reddy, G. & Venkateswarlu, B. (2009). Alleviation of drought stress effects in sunflower seedlings by the exopolysaccharides producing Pseudomonas putida strain GAP-P45. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 46: 17-26.
32.Amyanpoori, S., Ovassi, M. & Fathinejad, E. (2015). Effect of vermicompost and triple superphosphate on yield of corn (Zea mays L.). J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci. 3: 6. 494-499.
36.Chattha, M.U., Hassan, M.U., Barbanti, L., Chattha, M.B., Khan, I., Usman, M., Ali, A. & Nawaz, M. (2019). Composted sugarcane by-product press mud cake supports wheat growth and improves soil properties. Int. J. Plant Prod. 13: 241-249.
37.Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Seyedi, S.M. & Azad, M. (2014). Effects of organic, chemical and biological sources of nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency in black seed (Nigella sativa L.). Iran. J. Med. Aromat. Plant. 30: 2. 260-274. (In Persian)
38.Asakereh, S. & Lack, Sh. (2016). Assessment planting date effect on productivity components of wheat cultivars under warm and dry climate condition. Iran. J. Field Crop Sci. 47: 4. 551-564. (In Persian)
39.Modarresi, M., Mohammadi, V., Zali, A. & Mardi, M. (2010). Response of wheat yield and yield related traits to high temperature. Cereal Res. Commun. 38: 23–31.
40.Sadat, A., Savaghebi, F.G.R., Rejali, F., Farahbakhsh, M., Khavazi, K. & Shirmardi, M. (2010). Effects of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the growth and yield indices of two wheat varieties in a saline soil. J. Water Soil. 24: 1. 53-62. (In Persian)
41.Refay, Y.A. (2011). Yield and yield components parameters of bread wheat genotypes as affected by sowing dates. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 7: 484-489.
42.Al Kathir Zare, A., Babainejad, T. & Gholami, A. (2019). Investigating the effects of different amounts of urea fertilizer and sugarcane filter cake on the yield and functional parameters of bread wheat. J. Plant Prod. Sci. 8: 2. 121-134 (In Persian)
43.Niamatullah, M., Khan, M., Khan, M.Q., Sadiq, M., Zaman, K.U., Hayat, C.S. & Rehman, S. (2011). Impact of NPK applications on the number of procluctive tillers and cost benefit analysis of wheat in hill-torrent irrigated area of D.I. Khan Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 21: 2. 211-214.
44.Jalali, A.H., Bahrani, M.J. & Karimian, N. (2011). Effect of crop residue management, application of compost and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and its components in maize CV. DC370. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 13: 2. 336-351. (In Persian)
45.Kalate Arabi, M., Sheikh, F., Souqi, H. & Hivechi, J. (2011). Effects of sowing date on grain yield and its components of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Gorgan in Iran. Seed Plant Prod. 2: 3. 285-296. (In Persian)
46.Ghanbari, A., Roshani, H. & Tavassoli, A. (2012). Effect of sowing date on some agronomic characteristics and seed yield of winter wheat cultivars. J. Crop Ecophysiol. 6: 2. 127-144. (In Persian)
47.Zadeh-Omidi, F. & Marashi, S.K. (2019). Effect of amount of sugarcane compost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn (Zea mays L.). J. Plant Environ. Physiol. 14: 12-20. (In Persian)
48.Abedi, T., Alemzadeh, A. & Kazemeini, S.A. (2010). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on grain yield and protein banding pattern of wheat. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 4: 6. 384-389.
49.Mojtabaie Zamani, M., Nabipour, M. & Meskarbashee, M. (2014). Resposes of bread wheat genotypes to heat stress during grain filling period Ahvaz conditions. J. Plant Prod. 37: 4. 119-130. (In Persian)
50.Sayahi, S.S. & Kamaei, F. (2017). Evaluation of 38 varieties of bread wheat in heat stress tolerance is calculated based on the season of the untamed STI farm. J. Agron. Plant Breed. 13: 3. 39-49. (In Persian)
51.Shirkhani, A., Nasrolahzadeh, S. & Zehtab-Salmasi, S. (2019). Effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on yield and seed quality of corn under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Environ. Stress. Crop Sci. 12: 3. 781-791. (In Persian)
52.Goda, D. (2019). Response of wheat to integrated nutrient management. J. Plant Sci. Res. 6: 1. 1-8.
53.Mohamad, M., Thalooth, A., Elewa, T. & Ahmed, A. (2019). Yield and nutrient status of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) as affected by compost and biofertilizers under newly reclaimed soil. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. 43: 31-37.
54.Karimi, N., Goltapeh, E.M., Amini, J., Mehnaz, S. & Zarea, M.J. (2020). Effect of Azospirillum zeae and seed priming with zinc, manganese and auxin on growth and yield parameters of wheat, under dryland farming. Agric. Res.10: 1. 44-55.
55.Karimi, N., Zarea, M.J. & Mehnaz S. (2018). Endophytic Azospirillum for enhancement of growth and yield of wheat. Environ. Sustain. 1: 2. 149-158.
56.Bilal, M., Ayub, M., Tariq, M., Tahir, M. & Nadeem, M.A. (2017). Dry matter yield and forage quality traits of oat (Avena sativa L.) under integrative use of microbial and synthetic source of nitrogen. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 16: 236–241.
57.Wei, W., Yan, Y., Cao, J., Christie, P., Zhang, F. & Fan, M. (2016). Effects of combined application of organic amendments and fertilizers on crop yield and soil organic matter: An integrated analysis of long-term experiments. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 225: 86-92.
58.Ahmadinezhad, R., Najafi, N., Aliasgharzad, N. & Oustan, S.H. (2012). Effects of organic and nitrogen fertilizers on water use efficiency, yield and the growth characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Alvand’). Water Soil Sci. 23: 2. 177-194. (In Persian)
59.Gul, S., Khan, M.H., Khanday, B.A. & Nabi, S. (2015). Effect of sowing methods and NPK levels on growth and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). Scientifica. 1-6.
)