اثر مصرف تلفیقی کود نیتروژنه با کمپوست بقایای نیشکر و باکتری های محرک رشد بر عملکرد دانه گندم چمران2 در شرایط تنش گرمای آخر فصل اهواز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به منظور بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک، افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب و عناصر غذایی در خاک و همچنین بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاهان، مصرف کودهای آلی مختلف در خاک با توجه به مشکل کمبود مواد آلی در بیش‌تر خاک‌های ایران، اهمیت زیادی دارد. با این حال، کودهای آلی به تنهایی قادر به تامین نیاز گیاهان نبوده و به اندازه کافی در دسترس کشاورزان نیستند. از طرف دیگر مصرف زیاد کودهای شیمیایی باعث آلودگی محیط زیست و افزایش هزینه تولید می‌شود. بنابراین، جهت استفاده کارآمد و موثر از کودهای آلی و شیمیایی و دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار، مصرف تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی توصیه شده است. با توجه به اثر تنش گرمای آخر فصل بر کاهش تولید گندم در خوزستان و همچنین اثر کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و افزایش مصرف کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک بر سلامت بوم نظام‌های زراعی، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژن با کود آلی کمپوست بقایای نیشکر و کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد (PGPR) در شرایط گرمایی آخر فصل بر رشد و عملکرد گندم طراحی و اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش به منظور بررسی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم چمران 2 به مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه با کمپوست بقایای نیشکر و باکتری‌های محرک رشد تحت اثر تنش گرمای آخر فصل اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده (اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت یک آذر، 20 آذر و 10 دی در کرت‌های اصلی؛ شش سطح مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه (اوره) با کود آلی کمپوست بقایای نیشکر شامل شاهد (بدون کود شیمیایی و آلی)، 100 درصد کود شیمیایی، 75 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 25 درصد کود آلی، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 50 درصد کود آلی، 25 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 75 درصد کود آلی و 100 درصد کود آلی در کرت‌های فرعی و دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد باکتری های محرک رشد (PGPR) در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بود. هر کرت فرعی به طول 3 متر و عرض 2 متر (با مساحت 6 متر مربع) و شامل 10 خط کشت به فاصله 20 سانتی متر از هم بود. فاصله بین کرت‌های اصلی و فرعی نیم متر و فاصله بین بلوک ها دو متر در نظر گرفته شد. پس از رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، گیاهان برداشت شد و صفات مورد نظر اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر تاریخ کاشت و اثر مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی با کود آلی کمپوست نیشکر بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد، همچنین اثر باکتری محرک رشد بر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی به جز شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (5663 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تاریخ کشت یک آذر و مصرف تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 50 درصد کود آلی و کمترین مقدار آن (1155 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تاریخ کاشت 10 دی و عدم مصرف کود شیمیایی بود. به طور کلی تاخیر در کاشت و وقوع تنش گرمایی آخر فصل، باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه شد ولی در تاریخ‌های کاشت مختلف، مصرف تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 50 کود آلی، موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه گندم گردید.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده برای تعدیل اثر تنش گرمای آخر فصل و همچنین کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود رشد و عملکرد گندم، مصرف تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه با کود آلی کمپوست بقایای نیشکر و کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد می‌تواند توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and growth promoting bacteria on wheat cv. ‘Chmaran 2’ grain yield under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahwaz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Makvandi 1
  • Abdul Mahdi Bakhshandeh 2
  • Ali Moshatati 3
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat 4
  • Aidin Khodaei Joghan 3
1 Ph.D. student of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
4 Associate professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In order to improve soil fertility, increase the capacity to hold water and nutrients in the soil, as well as improve the growth and yield of plants, the use of different organic fertilizers in the soil has great importance due to the problem of lack of organic matter in most soils of Iran. However, organic fertilizers alone are not able to meet the needs of plants and are not sufficiently available to farmers. On the other hand, the high consumption of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution and increases production costs. Therefore, in order to efficiently and effectively use organic and chemical fertilizers and achieve sustainable agriculture, combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended. Considering the effect of heat stress at the end of the season on the reduction of wheat production in Khuzestan, as well as the effect of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing the use of organic and biological fertilizers on the health of agricultural ecosystems, this experiment aims to investigate the effect of combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and the application of growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in late season heat conditions on the growth and yield of wheat were designed and implemented.
Materials and methods: This research was carried out in order to investigate the response of Chamran 2 wheat yield and yield components to combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and growth promoting bacteria under the effect of late season heat stress. The experiment was carried out in the form of split-split plots in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks with three replications in the crop year of 2021-2022 in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The experimental factors include three planting dates on December 1, December 20 and December 10 in the main plots; Six levels of combined use of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea) with organic fertilizer, sugarcane residue compost, including control (without chemical and organic fertilizer), 100% chemical fertilizer, 75% chemical fertilizer+ 25% organic fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer, 25% chemical fertilizer+ 75% organic fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer in sub-plots and two levels of application and non-application of growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in sub-plots. Each sub-plot was 3 meters long and 2 meters wide (with an area of 6 square meters) and included 10 crop lines at a distance of 20 cm from each other. The distance between the main and sub plots was half a meter and the distance between the blocks was considered to be two meters. After harvest maturity, the plants were harvested and the desired traits were measured.
Results: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of sowing date and the combined use of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer of sugarcane residue compost were significant on all measured traits. Also, the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria was significant on all the measured traits except harvest index. Mean comparison showed that the highest grain yield (5663 kg/ha) was in the sowing date of 1 December and the use of 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer and the lowest grain yield (1155 kg/ha) was in the planting date of 10 December and no use of chemical and organic fertilizers. In general, the delay in planting and the occurrence of heat stress at the end of the season caused a decrease in grain yield, but in different planting dates, the combined use of 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer increased wheat grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-fertilizer
  • Integrated nutrition
  • Khuzestan
  • Sowing date
  • Urea
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