بررسی اثر کاربرد فرم‏ها و غلظت‏های مختلف عنصر روی بر عملکرد و کیفیت روغن کلزا تحت شرایط تنش آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری در رشته زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی،، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش خشکی مهمترین تنش غیر زنده است که رشد و نمو گیاهان زراعی را محدود می کند. روی یکی از عناصر مورد نیاز فرآیندهای شیمیایی گیاه بوده که کاربرد آن در شرایط کم‏آبی می‏تواند اثرات ناشی از تنش خشکی را بهبود بخشد. مطالعات نشان داده است که کاربرد کود روی به کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاهان زراعی می‏گردد. از این رو این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی کاربرد فرم‌ها و غلظت‌های مختلف کود روی بر عملکرد و کیفیت روغن کلزا رقم نپتون در شرایط تنش آبی طی سال‌های 1397 و 1398 در منطقه بیستون واقع در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد.

مواد و روش‏ها: آزمایش به صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار تنش آبی به عنوان فاکتور اصلی (بدون تنش، قطع آبیاری در مرحله شروع گلدهی و قطع آبیاری در مرحله شروع تشکیل خورجین)، تیمار محلول‏پاشی به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در دو سطح (محلول‏پاشی سولفات روی و محلول‏پاشی نانوکلات روی) با سه غلظت صفر، 3 و 5 در هزار بودند. پس از جمع‏آوری داده‏های آزمایش با استفاده از نرم‏افزار SAS آنالیز شدند.

یافته‏ها:نتایج نشان داد اثر تنش خشکی و کاربرد سولفات روی بر صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد روغن دانه، عملکرد روغن دانه، درصد اسید اروسیک و درصد اسید اولئیک معنی‏دار شد. همچنین بر طبق نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین داده‏های آزمایش مشخص شد که افزایش غلظت کاربرد سولفات روی و نانو روی سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه و بیوماس به ترتیب تا 2839 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 14634 کیلوگرم در هکتار شد. اثر نانوکلات روی بر افزایش این دو صفت بیشتر از سولفات روی بود. درصد و عملکرد روغن در هر دو سطح تنش آبی کاهش یافت. بر طبق نتایج مشخص شد که افزایش غلظت روی و به خصوص فرم نانو سبب افزایش درصد تا 6/43 درصد و عملکرد روغن دانه تا 1423 کیلوگرم در هکتار شد. به علاوه مشخص شد که تنش آبی درصد اسید اولئیک روغن کلزا را کاهش داد ولی محلول‏پاشی نانو روی تاحدودی این کاهش را جبران نمود و درصد اسید اولئیک را تا 75/65 درصد افزایش داد.

نتیجه‏گیری: بر طبق این نتایج مشخص شد که هرچند با قطع آبیاری در مراحل گلدهی و غلافدهی درصد اسید اولئیک کاهش یافت ولی نتایج نشان داد کاربرد نانوکلات روی در شرایط تنش خشکی و عدم وجود تنش خشکی اثر مثبت بیشتری بر افزایش درصد اسید اولئیک روغن داشت از این رو کاربرد نانو کلات روی را می‏توان در شرایط تنش خشکی برای افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت روغن کلزا در منطقه پیشنهاد نمود. در نتیجه برای رسیدن به حداکثر عملکرد دانه و کیفیت بالای روغن در کلزا می‏توان از غلظت 5 در هزار نانوکلات روی در شرایط عدم وجود تنش خشکی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different forms and concentrations of zinc application on yield and quality of rapeseed oil under drought conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Rasool Saffari 1
  • Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari 2
  • Amin Farnia 2
  • Shahryar Sasani 3
1 Ph.D. student in the field of agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Research Department, Kermanshah Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim and Background: drought stress is the most important abiotic stress that limits the growth and development of agricultural plants. Zinc is one of the required elements for plant chemical processes, and its application in water shortage conditions can improve the effects of drought stress. Studies have shown that the application of zinc fertilizer to reduce the negative effects of drought stress leads to an increase in yield and yield components of agricultural plants. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the application of different forms and concentrations of zinc fertilizer on the yield and oil quality of Neptune variety rapeseed oil under water stress conditions during the years 2019 and 2020 in Biston region located in Kermanshah province.

Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in the form of a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design in four replications. Water stress treatment as the main factor (no stress, interruption of irrigation at the beginning of flowering and interruption of irrigation at the beginning of the formation of khorjin), foliar treatment as a secondary factor at two levels (spraying zinc sulfate solution and foliar spraying zinc nanochelate) with three concentrations of zero, 3 and 5 per thousand. After collecting the test data, they were analyzed using SAS software.

Results: The results showed that the effect of drought stress and application of zinc sulfate on the characteristics of seed yield, biological yield, seed oil percentage, seed oil yield, erucic acid percentage and oleic acid percentage were significant. Also, according to the results of the comparison of the average test data, it was found that increasing the concentration of zinc sulfate and nano zinc application increased the grain yield and biomass up to 2839 kg/ha and 14634 kg/ha, respectively. The effect of zinc nanochelate on the increase of these two traits was greater than that of zinc sulfate. Oil percentage and yield decreased in both levels of water stress. According to the results, it was found that increasing the concentration of zinc and especially the nano form increased the percentage up to 43.6% and the yield of seed oil up to 1423 kg per hectare. In addition, it was found that water stress reduced the percentage of oleic acid in rapeseed oil, but nanozinc foliar application partially compensated for this decrease and increased the percentage of oleic acid to 65.75%.

Conclusion: According to these results, it was found that although the percentage of oleic acid decreased with the interruption of irrigation during the flowering and podding stages, the results showed that the application of zinc nanochelate in the conditions of drought stress and the absence of drought stress had a more positive effect on increasing the percentage of oil oleic acid. Therefore, the application of nano zinc chelate can be suggested in the conditions of drought stress to increase the yield and quality of rapeseed oil in the region. As a result, in order to achieve the maximum seed yield and high oil quality in rapeseed, a concentration of 5 per thousand zinc nanochelates can be used in the absence of drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Foliar application
  • Oil yield
  • Water deficit
  • Zinc sulfate

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 16، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 115-134

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