بررسی پرایمینگ بذر به‌وسیله سالیسیلیک اسید و جیبرلین بر زودرسی، جوانه‌زنی و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‎نژادی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

3 استاد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

4 استادیار، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کلزا یکی از مهمترین گیاهان روغنی است که نقش عمده‌ای در تامین روغن خوراکی انسان داشته و از این نظر مقام سوم را بعد از سویا و نخل روغنی دارد. استراتژی‌های زیادی برای بهبود رشد، عملکرد و زودرسی در گونه‌های گیاهی از جمله کلزا وجود دارد که پرایمینگ بذر یک استراتژی قبل از کاشت است که بر بهبود جوانه‌زنی، سرعت سبز شدن، استقرار گیاهچه‌ها و زودرسی بسیار مؤثر است. در نتیجه با توجه به اهمیت افزایش کمی و کیفی کلزا و تاثیرات مثبتی که پرایمینگ دارد، این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ بذر به‌وسیله جیبرلین و سالیسیلیک اسید بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی، رشد و عملکرد کلزا انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک تصادفی با سه عامل، عامل اول رقم (Lord و Hayola 308)، عامل دوم سالیسیلیک اسید (صفر، 750، 1500 و 2250 میکرومولار) و عامل سوم جیبرلین (صفر، 750، 1500 و 2250 میکرومولار) با سه تکرار در گلخانه‌های تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1397 انجام شد. بذور کلزا در محلول تیمارهای ذکر شده سالیسیلیک اسید و جیبرلین به مدت 24 ساعت در دمای 25 درجه سانتیگراد غوطه‌ور شدند. پس از طی شدن دوره‌ی مورد نظر، بذرها با آب مقطر شسته و روی کاغذ صافی کاملاً خشک شدند که بعد از خشک شدن بلافاصله کشت گردیدند. صفات درصد جوانه‌زنی، روز اول سبز شدن، روز آخر سبز شدن، گستره سبز شدن، روز تا رسیدگی، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، طول غلاف، تعداد دانه در غلاف و عملکرد اندازه گیری شد و در پایان کلیه تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری داده‌های حاصل از این آزمایش، پس از اطمینان از نرمال بودن آن‌ها، با استفاده از نرم افزار SAS و SPSS صورت گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که تیمارهای پرایمینگ به‌وسیله سالیسیلیک اسید و جیبرلین بر روی تمام صفات به‌جز طول غلاف تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد داشتند. اثر برهمکنش ژنوتیپ با سالیسیلیک اسید و اثر برهمکنش ژنوتیپ با جیبرلین برای همه صفات معنی‌دار بود. اثر برهمکنش سالیسیلیک اسید با جیبرلین و اثر برهمکنش سه‌گانه جیبرلین با سالیسیلیک اسید با ژنوتیپ برای همه‌ی صفات به‌جز طول غلاف معنی‌دار شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد استفاده از پرایمینگ بذری سالیسیلیک اسید و جیبرلین، با افزایش درصد جوانه‌زنی، کاهش گستره سبز شدن و کاهش روز تا رسیدگی موجب زودرسی در گیاه کلزا شدند و علاوه بر این با افزایش صفات اجزای عملکرد نظیر تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع و طول غلاف، افزایش عملکرد دانه را نیز در پی داشتند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد کاربرد ترکیبی سطوح 1500 میکرومولار از هر دو تیمار (سالیسیلیک 1500 × جیبرلین 1500) بیشترین تاثیر را در افزایش اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه نشان داد به طوری‌که عملکرد دانه در رقم Lord از 5/7 گرم در گلدان به 1/12 گرم در گلدان و در رقم Hayola 308 از 1/4 گرم در گلدان به 89/6 گرم در گلدان افزایش پیدا کرد. اثر برهمکنش سالیسیلیک اسید 2250 با جیبرلین 2250 میکرومولار (سالیسیلیک 2250 × جیبرلین 2250) بیشترین تاثیر را در کاهش روز تا رسیدگی و عملکرد نشان داد.

نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد از بین غلظت‌های مختلف پرایمینگ، غلظت‌های کمتر این تیمارها در القای زودرسی و افزایش عملکرد موثرتر بودند و از بین ارقام مورد استفاده، رقم Lord دارای عملکرد بالاتر ولی دیررس است، که می‌توان با استفاده از پرایمینگ مشکل دیررسی آن را حل کرد و به‌عنوان بهترین رقم از نظر زودرسی و عملکرد بالا تحت تاثیر تیمارها به‌ویژه در سطح سالیسیلیک اسید 1500 × جیبرلین 1500 میکرومولار معرفی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating seed priming by salicylic acid and gibberellin on early maturity, germination and yield components two canola genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Rashidi 1
  • NadAli Bagheri 2
  • NadAli Babaiean Jelodar 3
  • Ali Dehestani Kelagar 4
1 PhD student, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Breeding, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Breeding, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Tabaristan Genetics and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Canola is one of the most important oilseeds that plays a major role in providing human edible oil and in this regard, it is in the third place after soybean and palm oil. There are many strategies to improve growth, yield and precocity in plant species including rapeseed. Seed priming is a pre-planting strategy that is very effective in improving germination, grow rate, seedling establishment and early maturity. As a result, considering the importance of increasing the quantity and quality of rapeseed and the positive effects that treatment has on improving germination, increasing yield and early maturity in rapeseed, In this study, investigating the effect of seed priming by gibberellin and salicylic acid on the characteristics of germination, growth and seed yield of canola was done.
Materials and methods: In this research, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three factors. The first factor of genotype (Lord and Hayola 308), the second factor of salicylic acid (zero, 750, 1500 and 2250 μM) and the third factor of gibberellin (zero, 750, 1500 and 2250 μM) with three replications in research greenhouses of University of Agricultural Sciences and Resources Natural Sari was done in 1397. Canola seeds were immersed in the solution of the mentioned salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. After passing the desired period, the seeds were washed with distilled water and completely dried on filter paper, which were immediately cultivated after drying. Germination percentage, first day of emergence, last day of emergence, time spread of emergence, day to maturity, 1000-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod and yield were measured. At the end, all statistical analyzes of the data obtained from this experiment, after ensuring their normality, were performed using SAS and SPSS software.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that seed priming by salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments had a significant effect on all traits except pod length at the level of one percent. The interaction of genotype with salicylic acid and the interaction of genotype with gibberellin were significant for all traits. The interaction of salicylic acid with gibberellin and the triple interaction of gibberellin with salicylic acid with genotype were significant for all traits except pod length. The results of mean comparison showed that the use of seed priming of salicylic acid and gibberellin, with increasing germination percentage, reducing the range of emergence and decreasing the day to maturity caused early ripening in rapeseed. In addition, by increasing the yield components such as number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, height and length of pods, also increased grain yield. The results also showed that the combined application of 1500 μM levels from both treatments (salicylic 1500 × gibberellin 1500) has the greatest effect on increasing yield components and grain yield, so that grain yield in Lord genotype from 7.5 (gram per pot) to 12.1 (gram per pot) And in Hayola 308 genotype increased from 4.1 (g/pot) to 6.89 (g/ pot).
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that among the different concentrations of treatment, lower concentrations of these treatments were more effective in inducing prematurity and increasing yield. And among the cultivars used, Lord genotype has a higher but late yield, which can be solved by treating the problem of late maturity and as the best genotype in terms of early maturity and high yield under the influence of treatments, especially at the level of 1500 salicylic acid × Gibberellin introduced 1500 μM

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola
  • Early maturity
  • Morphology traits
  • Priming
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