بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و بیولوژیک بر پارامتر‌های فتوسنتزی و‍‍‍‍‍ عملکرد دانه گیاه ماش (.Vigna radiata L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری در رشته زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

چکیده

چکیده:
سابقه و هدف: ماش یک گونه‌ی مهم از خانواده لگوم‌ها است که دانه‌های آن سرشار از فسفر می‌باشد. کاربرد کود فسفر در گیاهان لگوم اثر مثبتی روی گره‌بندی ریشه دارد و از طریق افزایش سطح ریشه موجب افزایش تثبیت نیتروژن می‌شود، به طوری که کمبود فسفر به عنوان یکی از محدودیت‌های عمده برای تولید لگوم‌ها معرفی شده است. کود‌های زیستی توان بالایی برای افزایش کارایی فسفر کاربردی و در نهایت تحریک رشد گیاه دارند. بنابراین این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی کود‌های زیستی در آزاد‌سازی فسفر نامحلول خاک و بررسی اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریز بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عناصر غذایی در طول دوره رشد گیاه ماش انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در سال زراعی 96 - 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان اجرا شد. به منظور دستیابی به اهداف مورد نظر در این طرح، آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. کود فسفر (سوپر فسفات تریپل) به عنوان فاکتور اول در سه سطح (عدم مصرف (شاهد)، مقدار مطلوب (150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 50 درصد بیشتر از حد مطلوب معادل با 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار)) بر اساس آزمون خاک مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. ترکیب‌های مختلف باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریز آربوسکولار در هشت سطح (عدم مصرف باکتری و قارچ (شاهد)، باکتری آزوسپیریلوم (Azospirillum lipoferum)، باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس (Pseudomonas fluoresens)، قارچ (Glomus mosseae)، ترکیب آزوسپیریلوم و سودوموناس، آزوسپیریلوم و قارچ، سودوموناس فلورسنس و قارچ و ترکیب هر سه فاکتور) به عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در این آزمایش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی شامل کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، عدد کلروفیل‌متر (SPAD) (مرحله چهار برگی، گلدهی و پر شدن کامل غلاف)، درصد نیتروژن در اندام هوایی گیاه (مرحله رویشی و زایشی)، شاخص سطح برگ (مرحله گلدهی)، درصد پروتئین دانه و عملکرد دانه می‌باشد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از آزمایش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS صورت گرفت. همچنین جهت انجام مقایسات میانگین از روش آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی‌دار(LSD) در سطح احتمال 5 درصد استفاده گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که اثر کود شیمیایی فسفر و باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریز بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی شامل کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، عدد کلروفیل‌متر (SPAD)، درصد پروتئین دانه، درصد نیتروژن در اندام هوایی گیاه، شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود، اما اثر متقابل سطوح کود فسفر و باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریز بر هیچ کدام از صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، SPAD، درصد پروتئین دانه و درصد نیتروژن اندام هوایی، در سطح 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر به دست آمد و کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد و قارچ مایکوریز منجر به افزایش میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، درصد پروتئین دانه، نیتروژن اندام هوایی و عملکرد دانه گیاه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه حاکی از افزایش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، پروتئین دانه، تجمع نیتروژن در اندام هوایی گیاه و شاخص سطح برگ با افزایش میزان فسفر کودی بود. همچنین اثر مطلوب تلفیق باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و قارچ مایکوریز بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و افزایش میزان پروتئین دانه و نیتروژن در مراحل مختلف رشد گیاه که در نهایت منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه گیاه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of phosphorus and biofertilizers on photosynthetic parameters and seed yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahiemeh Rezapoorian 1
  • Seroulah Galeshi 2
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 3
  • Beniamin Torabi 4
1 Doctoral student in the field of agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor Gorgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Unviersity
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives:The mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) is one of the most species of legumes. The seeds are an excellent sources of phosphorus. The phosphorus application to legumes have positive effect on nodulation through enhance root proliferation and thus helps in increase nitrogen fixation, So that Phosphorus deficiency is considered as one of the major constraints to successful production of legume. Biofertilizers have high potential for increasing the efficiency of Phosphorus, and ultimately stimulate plant growth. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the biofertilizers in the release of soil insoluble phosphorus and to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria, Mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic pigmentation and nutrient elements during the period of mungbean growth.
Materials and methods: To study the effect of different levels of phosphorus and biofertilizers on photosynthetic parameters and seed yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) a field experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at research field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Gorgoan University in 2016-2017. The treatments of this research consisted of three levels of phosphorus (Control, 150 kg.he-1 and 225 kg.he-1) and eight levels of plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi (Control, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluoresens, Glomus mosseae, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and Glomus mosseae, Pseudomonas and Glomus mosseae, and Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluoresens, Glomus mosseae). In this experiment, Rhizobium bacteria (R. leguminosarum) was used in all plots. Grain inoculation was done in shadow and after drying, inoculated grains were immediately cultivated. Mycorrhizal fungi was applied under the grain hole just prior to sowing.Chemical fertilizers were applied at a rate of 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 in N and K respectively. Random samples of ten plants for each experimental unit were taken and Photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, SPAD value, grain protein and nitrogen content in plant aerial parts, leaf area index and seed yield were recorded. Data were subjected to analysis of variance procedure using the SAS statistical software and for the mean comparison, the least significant difference (LSD) test method was used at 5% probability level.
Results: The results showed that the effect of phosphorus fertilizer and Plant growth promoting bacteria, Mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids), SPAD value, grain protein, nitrogen content in plant aerial parts at different stages of plant growth, leaf area index and seed yield were significant, but the interaction of phosphorus fertilizer and Plant growth promoting bacteria, Mycorrhizal fungi levels was not significant on any of the studied traits. The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, SPAD, grain protein and nitrogen content in plant aerial parts, leaf area index and seed yield were obtained at 225 kg.ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer. Application of Plant growth promoting bacteria, Mycorrhizal fungi led to an increase in the amount of photosynthetic pigments, seed protein and nitrogen content of plant aerial parts, leaf area index and seed yield.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the photosynthetic pigments, seed protein, nitrogen accumulation in the plant and leaf area index were increased by increasing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Also, the optimal effect of Plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhiza on photosynthetic pigments and increasing the protein content of seeds and nitrogen in different stages of plant growth Which ultimately led to an increase in seed yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • SPAD value
  • Grain protein
  • Azospirillum lipoferum
  • Pseudomonas fluoresens
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