اثر ورمی کمپوست، فلاوباکتریوم و هیومیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان و برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی تریتیکاله تحت شرایط شوری خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شوری خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است، که با تولید گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن موجب پراکسیداسیون لیپیدها و آسیب غشایی می‌شود. در چنین شرایطی گیاهان برای جلوگیری از پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و افزایش محتوای مالون دی آلدهید، از مکانیسم های آنتی اکسیدانی آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی استفاده می کنند. کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد از دیگر راه کارهایی است که می تواند عملکرد گیاه را در شرایط تنش شوری بهبود بخشد و در نتیجه، رشد گیاه را از طریق تولید یا رهاسازی متابولیت های ثانویه ای نظیر تنظیم کننده ها یا هورمون‌های رشدی افزایش دهد. همچنین ورمی کمپوست می تواند از طریق افزایش مواد مغذی موجود گیاه مستقیماً موجب افزایش عملکرد گیاه شود و با اثر بر برخی عملکردهای آنتی اکسیدانی، موجب کنترل رادیکال های آزاد و حفاظت گیاهان در برابر تنش های محیطی می شود. هیومیک اسید نیز با بهبود سنتز پروتئین، تغییر فعالیت آنزیم‌ها، حلالیت ریزمغذی ها، بهبود ساختار خاک، افزایش ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و جمعیت میکروبی خاک، موجب کاهش اثرات تنش شوری می‌شود. از این رو هدف این آزمایش بررسی تاثیر شوری، ورمی کمپوست، فلاوباکتریوم و هیومیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی‌اکسیدان و برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی تریتیکاله بود.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1398 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل شوری در سه سطح (عدم اعمال شوری به عنوان شاهد و شوری 50 و 100 میلی مولار) از نمک کلرید سدیم، کاربرد کودهای زیستی (عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی به عنوان شاهد، کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست، تلقیح بذر با فلاوباکتریوم و کاربرد توام ورمی‌کمپوست و فلاوباکتریوم) و محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید (محلول پاشی با آب به عنوان شاهد و محلول پاشی دو گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید) بود.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد توام ورمی کمپوست، فلاوباکتریوم و محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید تحت شرایط شوری 100 میلی مولار موجب افزایش محتوای پرولین (50 درصد)، قندهای محلول (45/37 درصد)، آنتوسیانین (57/14 درصد) و فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، پلی فنل اکسیداز (به ترتیب 54/88، 48/47 و 48 درصد) نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و هیومیک اسید تحت شرایط عدم اعمال شوری شد. همچنین کاربرد توام ورمی کمپوست، فلاوباکتریوم و محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید در شرایط عدم اعمال شوری موجب کاهش 54/26 درصدی مالون دی آلدهید و افزایش 69/56 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و هیومیک اسید تحت شرایط شوری 100 میلی‌مولار شد.
نتیجه گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد کاربرد کودهای زیستی و محلول پاشی هیومیک اسید با بهبود فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی و محتوای اسمولیت‌های سازگار،می‌تواند عملکرد دانه را تحت شرایط تنش شوری افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Flavobacterim, vermicompost and humic acid on antioxidant enzymes activity and some biochemical traits of triticale under soil salinity conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Mohammadi kalesar lou 1
  • Raouf Seyed sharifi 2
  • Hamed Narimani 1
1 Produoction engineering and plant genetics,, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Mohagheg ardabili. Iran
2 produoction engineering and plant genetics. Faculty of agriculure and natual resources. Mohagheg ardabili. ardabil. Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Soil salinity is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and yield of crop plants in arid and semi-arid regions, which causes lipid peroxidation and membrane damage by producing reactive oxygen species. Under such conditions, plants use enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms to prevent lipid peroxidation and increase malondialdehyde content. Application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is another strategy that can improve plant performance under salinity stress and, consequently, plant growth increase by producing or releasing secondary metabolites such as regulators or growth hormones. Also vermicompost can directly increase plant yield by increasing plant nutrients and by acting on some antioxidant functions, controlling free radicals and thus protecting plants against environmental stresses. Humic acid also reduces the effects of salinity stress by improving protein synthesis, altering enzyme activity, solubility of micronutrients, improving soil structure, increasing cation exchange capacity and soil microbial population. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity, vermicompost, flavobacterium and humic acid on antioxidant enzymes activity and some biochemical traits of triticale.
Materials and methods: an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Factors experiment were included salinity at three levels (no application of salinity as control, application of 50 and 100 mM soil salinity by NaCl), and bio-fertilizers application (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Flavobacterim, both application vermicompost and Flavobacterim) and humic acid foliar application (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid).
Results: The results showed that the combined application of vermicompost, flavobactrim and foliar application humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity conditions, increased proline content (50%), soluble sugar (45.37%), anthocyanin content (57.14%) and the activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (54.88, 48.47 and 48%, respectively) compared to no application of biofertilizers and humic acid under non-salinity conditions. Also, the combined application of vermicompost, flavobacterium and foliar application of humic acid under non-salinity conditions decreased 54.26% of malondialdehyde content and increased 69.56% of grain yield compared to the no application of biofertilizers and humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity conditions.
Conclusion: It seems that the application of biofertilizers and foliar application of humic acid can increase grain yield under salinity stress by improving the antioxidant enzymes activity and the compatible osmolytes content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • catalase.Hydrogen peroxide
  • malondialdehyde. proline
  • soluble sugars

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 183-202

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