اثر کاربرد قارچ Rhizophagus intraradices و کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ و نخود در کشت مخلوط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی - اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران،

چکیده

اثر کاربرد قارچ Rhizophagus intraradices و کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ و نخود در کشت مخلوط

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: کشت مخلوط به عنوان انقلاب سبز جدید می‌تواند با استفاده بهتر از منابع، زمینه را برای تولید پایدار فراهم کند. در مدیریت پایدار بوم‌نظام‌های کشاورزی، کاربرد کودهای زیستی بویژه میکوریزا به‌عنوان مکمل یا جایگزین کودهای شیمیایی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. بر همین اساس مطالعهای با هدف ارزیابی اثر قارچ Rhizophagus intraradices و کودهای شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ و نخود در کشت مخلوط اجرا گردید.
مواد و روشها: یک آزمایش مزرعهای به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 20 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1398 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل الگوهای مختلف کشت (P1: کشت خالص گلرنگ، :P2 کشت خالص نخود، :P3 کشت یک ردیف گلرنگ+ یک ردیف نخود، :P4 کشت سه ردیف گلرنگ+ دو ردیف نخود و :P5 کشت، چهار ردیف گلرنگ+ دو ردیف نخود) و فاکتور دوم شامل منابع مختلف کودی:F1) عدم کاربرد کود، :F2قارچ میکوریزا (Rhizophagus intraradices)، :F3 کود شیمیایی توصیه شده و F4: 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ میکوریزا) بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد دانه گلرنگ (6/ 1906 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و نخود ( 765 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت خالص با کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ میکوریزا مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین درصد روغن (51/28 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (71/508 کیلوگرم در هکتار) گلرنگ به‌ترتیب در الگوهای کشت 4:2 و کشت خالص با کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ میکوریزا حاصل شد. علیرغم کاهش عملکرد دانه گلرنگ و نخود در کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص، شاخص نسبت برابری زمین سودمندی کشت مخلوط را تأیید کرد، به طوری که در تمام تیمارهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک بود و بیشترین مقدار این شاخص (89/1) در تیمار 1:1 با کاربرد 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ میکوریزا مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به شاخص‌های نسبت برابری زمین، بهروه‌وری سیستم و شاخص مالی مخلوط، الگوی کشت یک ردیف گلرنگ+ یک ردیف نخود همراه با کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ میکوریزا نه تنها منجر به ایجاد تنوع در اکوسیستم‌های کشاورزی و پایداری تولید شد، بلکه در افزایش درآمد اقتصادی و بهره‌وری استفاده از زمین‌های کشاورزی نیز موثر است. در نتیجه استفاده از کودهای زیستی در کشت مخلوط میتواند اثرات زیانبار کودهای شیمیایی را روی محیط زیست کاهش دهد.
واژگان کلیدی: درصد روغن، عملکرد دانه، قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار، نسبت برابری زمین.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Rhizophagus intraradices and chemical fertilizer application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in intercropping

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Haghaninia 1
  • Abdollah Javanmard 2
1 Department of plant production and genetics, faculty of agriculture, university of maragheh.
2 academic member
چکیده [English]

Effect of Rhizophagus intraradices and chemical fertilizer application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in intercropping
Abstract
Background and objective: Intercropping as a new green revolution can prepare the way for sustainable production by increasing resource use efficiency. In agroecosystems sustainable management, application of biofertilizers especially mycorrhiza as a supplement or alternative for chemical fertilizers is very important. Accordingly, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of application of Rhizophagus intraradices and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under intercropping systems.
Materials and Methods: A field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 20 treatments and three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh in 2019. The first factor including different planting patterns (P1: safflower sole cropping, P2: chickpea sole cropping, P3: cropping of a row of safflower+ a row of chickpeas, P4: cropping of three row of safflower+ two row of chickpeas, P5: cropping of four row of safflower+ two row of chickpea) and the second factor including different fertilizer sources (F1: control, F2: application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices), F3: recommended chemical fertilizer and F4: 50% chemical fertilizers + mycorrhiza fungus (AM).
Results: The results showed that the highest seed yield of safflower (1906.6 kg/ha) and chickpea (765 kg/ha) were observed in monoculture with application of 50% chemical fertilizer+ mycorrhizal fungus. Furthermore, the highest of safflower oil content (28.51%) and yield (508.71 kg/ha) were obtained in planting pattern of 4:2 and monoculture with application of 50% chemical fertilizer+ mycorrhizal fungus, respectively. Although, seed yield of safflower and chickpea in monocultures decreased in compared with intercropping, but the land equivalent ratio (LER) in the all planting patterns was higher than one. So that the highest (1.89) LER was observed in planting pattern of 1:1 integrated with 50% chemical fertilizer+ mycorrhizal fungus.
Conclusion: Based on the land equivalent ratio, system productivity and intercropping monetary indices intercropping pattern of 1 row chickpea+ 1 row safflower with application of 50% chemical fertilizers+ mycorrhiza fungus not only leading to agricultural ecosystems diversity and sustainable productivity, but also effective in enhancing economic income and land use efficiency. As a result, application of biofertilizer in intercropping can reduce the detrimental implications of chemical fertilizers on the environment.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus, Land equivalent ratio, Oil percent, Seed yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Oil percent
  • Seed yield

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 1-33

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