اثر تاریخ کاشت بر میزان پروتئین، محتوای ساپونین و عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های های مختلف کینوا در شهرستان جیرفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

3 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران،

4 5. استادیار پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج.

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف:
باتوجه به خشکسالی ها، بحران آب و افزایش شوری خاک که طی چند سال اخیر در منطقه جیرفت روی داده است، کشت محصولات جایگزین برای فصل خنک با نیاز آبی کم، صرفه اقتصادی بالا و سازگار با منطقه و دوره رشد کوتاه ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. کینوا به دلیل نیاز آبی کم و مقاومت بالا به شوری گزینه مناسبی برای این امر می‌باشد، بر همین اساس این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان پروتئین، محتوای ساپونین، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) در کشت پائیزه و زمستانه انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها
این آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی و آزمایشگاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان در دو سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا گردید. تاریخ کاشت (پائیزه و زمستانه) به عنوان عامل اصلی و ژنوتیپ های های Titicaca, Redcarina, Gza1, Q12, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26, Q29, Q31 به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. در این آزمایش صفاتی نظیر طول ساقه، طول دوره رشد، درصد پروتئین، ساپونین دانه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها
تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده ها نشان داد صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در این آزمایش (طول ساقه، طول دوره رشد، درصد پروتیین و ساپونین دانه) تحت تاثیر معنی‌دار ژنوتیپ، تاریخ کاشت و اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و ژنوتیپ قرار گرفتند. طول گل آذین تنها تحت تاثیر معنی‌دار ژنوتیپ قرار گرفت. طول ساقه در کشت پاییزه و زمستانه بسیار متفاوت بود به طوری که در کشت پاییزه بیشترین طول ساقه در ژنوتیپ Q22 و Q12 مشاهده شد اما در کشت زمستانه بیشترین طول ساقه مربوط به ژنوتیپ های Q26 و Q29 بود، همچنین نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و تاریخ کاشت نشان داد در تمام ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه درصد ساپونین و پروتئین در کشت پاییزه کمتر از کشت زمستانه بود، دامنه تغیرات درصد ساپونین و پروتیین دانه به ترتیب بین 52/4 تا 56/5 درصد و 78/10 تا 89/13 درصد بود. همچنین عملکرد دانه و وزن هزاردانه کینوا تحت تاثیر معنی‌دار ژنوتیپ ، تاریخ کاشت و اثرات متقابل آنها قرار گرفت. دامنه تغییرات عملکرد دانه بین 91/1 (تیمار کشت پاییزه و ژنوتیپ GZA1) و 99/3 تن در هکتار (تیمار کشت پاییزه Q12) مشاهده شد.
نتیجه گیری
نتایج این تحقیق نیز این نیز نشان داد که امکان دو بار کشت این محصول در یکسال در منطقه جیرفت امکان پذیر است، مشروط بر اینکه از ارقام مناسب استفاده شود. بنابراین در کشت پاییزه ارقام Q12 و Q31 و در کشت زمستانه ارقام Q29 و Q26 توصیه می-شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sowing date on the contents of protein and saponin and grain yield of different quinoa genotypes in Jiroft

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Behroj 1
  • Farshid Ghaderi-Far 2
  • Hamid Reza Sadeghipour 3
  • Asieh Siyahmargui 2
  • Mahmood Bagheri 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
2 Gorgan University
3 Department of Biology, Golestan University
4 5. Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives
Due to drought, water crisis and increasing soil salinity in Jiroft region in recent years, it seems necessary to cultivate alternative crops for the cold season with low water requirements, high economic efficiency and compatibility with the region and short growth period. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a good choice for this due to its low water requirement and high salinity resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protein and saponin contents as well as yield and yield components of quinoa genotypes during autumn and winter cultivation.
Materials and methods
This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with 4 replications, in the research farm and laboratory of the Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province in the two cropping years of 2018-2019. Planting date (autumn and winter) was the main factor and the genotypes Titicaca, Redcarina, Gza1, Q12, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26, Q29, Q31 were the second factors. In this experiment, traits such as stem length, the length of growth period, seed protein and saponin contents, 1000-seed weight and grain yield were determined. .
Results
Combined analysis of variance of the data showed that the traits measured in this experiment (stem length, length of growth period, percentage of seed protein and saponin) were significantly affected by genotype, planting date and their interactions. Inflorescence length was only significantly affected by genotype. Stem length was very different in autumn and winter cultivation so that in autumn cultivation the highest stem length occurred in Q22 and Q12 genotypes but in winter cultivation the highest stem length was related to Q26 and Q29 genotypes. In all studied genotypes, the percentage of saponin and protein in autumn cultivation was less than winter cultivation, the range of changes in grain saponin and protein percentage was between 4.52 to 5.56 and 10.78-13.89 percent, respectively. Also, grain yield and 1000-seed weight of quinoa were significantly affected by genotype, planting date and their interactions. The range of grain yield changes varied between 1.91 (autumn cultivation treatment and GZA1 genotype) to 3.99 tons per hectare (autumn cultivation treatment Q12(.
Conclusion
The results of this study also showed that it is possible to cultivate this crop twice a year in Jiroft region, provided that appropriate cultivars are used. Therefore, Q12 and Q31 cultivars are recommended for autumn cultivation while Q29 and Q26 cultivars are recommended for winter cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Inflorescence length
  • Protein percentage
  • Saponin content
  • Seed yield

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 121-140

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