اثر تاریخ کاشت و کاربرد کودهای دامی، شیمیایی بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اسانس بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ، رشته اگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران،

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران،

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، رشته زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران،

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: تاریخ کاشت مطلوب یکی از فاکتورهای مهم برای به حداکثر رساندن عملکرد است. اگرچه کودهای شیمیایی عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه را سریع‌تر و مؤثر‌تر در اختیار گیاهان قرار می‌دهند اما برای افزایش کیفیت محصولات به ویژه گیاهان دارویی و معطر استفاده از کودهای آلی بهتر از کودهای شیمیایی است. کودهای آلی سبب کاهش وزن مخصوص ظاهری و افزایش نگهداری آب در خاک می‌شوند. کود دامی نیز یکی از منابع کود آلی است که استفاده از آن در سیستم مدیریت پایدار خاک مرسوم می‌باشد. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و کاربرد کودهای دامی و شیمیایی بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اسانس بادرشبو اجرا شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد اجرا شد. در این آزمایش سه تاریخ کاشت: 31 فروردین، 22 اردیبهشت و 13 خرداد به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و شش سطح کودی شامل: 1) عدم مصرف کود 2) 25% کود اوره + 75% دامی 3) 50% کود اوره + 50% دامی 4) 75% کود اوره + %25 دامی 5) 100% کود اوره و 6) 100 % کود دامی به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت و کوددهی اثر معنی‌داری بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. اثر برهمکنش تاریخ کاشت و تیمارهای مختلف کود نیز بر همه صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری به جز قطر ساقه، طول گل‌آذین اصلی و کلروفیل a معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین قطر ساقه از تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت و بیشترین طول گل‌آذین اصلی و کلروفیل a مربوط به تاریخ کاشت 13 خرداد بود. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک برگ از تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت با 100 % کود دامی، بیشترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک از تاریخ کاشت 13 خرداد با %100 کود دامی، بیشترین درصد اسانس از تاریخ کاشت 31 فروردین و 13 خرداد با 100% کود دامی و بیشترین کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و عملکرد اسانس از تاریخ کاشت 13 خرداد با 100% کود دامی به دست آمد.

نتیجه‌گیری: در این آزمایش کاربرد تیمار 100% کود دامی افزایش معنی‌داری در میزان برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک بادرشبو داشت که به نظر می‌رسد کود دامی به علت ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک توانسته این اثر مثبت را بر روی صفات بگذارد. بنابراین از آنجایی که مهم‌ترین هدف کشت گیاهان دارویی استحصال اسانس آن‌ها است لذا تاریخ کاشت 13 خرداد به همراه کاربرد 100% کود دامی در شرایط مشابه توصیه شد.

کلید واژه: تغذیه گیاه، عملکرد، فصل کشت، کشاورزی پایدار، گیاه دارویی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Planting Date and application Manure, Chemical Fertilizer on Some Morpho-physiological Characteristics and Essential Oil of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Abbasi Dehkordi 1
  • Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini 2
  • Abdolrazagh Danesh shahraki 2
  • Afsaneh Badalzadeh 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate Student of Agroecology Shahrekord University, Iran
2 Lecturer at the University
3 M.Sc. Graduate Student of Agronomy, Shahrekord University, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Effects of Planting Date and application Manure, Chemical Fertilizer on Some Morpho-physiological Characteristics and Essential Oil of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)


Background and objectives: Optimum planting date is very important and it is one of the important factors for maximizing yield production. Although, chemical fertilizers provide plant nutrients faster and more effective, but in order to increase the quality of products, especially the medicinal and aromatic plants, the use of organic fertilizers is better than chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers cause decreasing in bulk density and increasing water retention in the soil. Manure is one of the organic fertilizer sources which its application is conventional in sustainable management system of the soil. So, the present study was carried out in order to investigate effects of planting date and application of manure, chemical fertilizer on some morpho-physiological characteristics and essential oil of Moldavian Balm.

Material and Methods: A split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2018. In this experiment, the main factor was 3 levels of planting dates: 20 April, 12 May and 3 June, while 6 levels of manure application: 1) no amended fertilizer 2) 25% urea + 75% manure 3) 50% urea + 50% manure 4) 75% urea + 25% manure 5) 100% urea and 6) 100% manure, were used as subplot factors.

Results: The results showed that planting date and fertilizer had a significant effect on all the characteristics measured at this experiment. The interaction of planting date and different fertilizer treatments on all the measured traits except the stem diameter, length of main inflorescence and chlorophyll a was significant. The maximum stem diameter was related to 12 May while the maximum length of main inflorescence and chlorophyll a was belonged to the planting date of 3 June. The maximum amount of leaf dry weight was derived from 12 May + 100% manure, the maximum biological yield was obtained from 3 June + 100% manure, the maximum essential oil percentage from 20 April and 3 June + 100% manure and the maximum chlorophyll (b, total) and essential oil yield from planting date of 3 June and 100% manure application, were obtained.

Conclusion: Based on the results obtained at this experiment, it can be concluded that the 100% manure caused increasing in some morpho-physiological characteristics of Moldavian balm. It seems that manure due to water holding capacity in the soil could have this positive effect on traits. So, since the main reason of medicinal plant cultivation is obtaining their essential oil, so it is recommended that in similar condition, Dracocephalum moldavica L. is cultivated on 3 June with application of 100% manure.

Key words: Medicinal plant, Plant nutrition, Planting season, Sustainable agriculture, Yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Medicinal plant
  • Plant nutrition
  • Planting season
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Yield

مراجع

1.Naghibi, F., Mosaddegh, M., Motamed, S.M. and Ghorbani, A. 2011. Labiatea family in folk medicine in iran: from ethnobotany to pharmacology. J Pharm. 2: 63-79.
2.Ghorbani, R., Koocheki, A., Hosseini, A., Jahani, M., Asadi, G., Aghel, H. and Mohammad Abadi, A.S. 2010. Effects of planting date, time and methods of weed control on weed density and biomass in cumin fields. Iran J Field Crops Res. 8: 1. 120-127. (In Persian)
3.Ullah, H., and Honermeier, B. 2013. Fruit yield, essential oil concentration and composition of three anise cultivars (Pimpinella anisum L.) in relation to sowing date, sowing rate and locations. Ind Crops Prod. 42: 489-499.
4.Lee, J. 2010. Effect of application methods of organic fertilizer on growth, soil chemical properties and microbial densities in organic bulb onion production. Sci Hortic. 124: 3. 299-305.
5.Santos, M.F., Mendonca, M.C., Carvalho Filho, J.L.S., Dantas, I.B., Silva-Mann, R. and Blank, A.F. 2012. Cattle manure and biofertilizer on the cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Rev Bras Plant Med. 11: 4. 355-369.
6.Porazizi, M. 2012. The impact of integrated and conventional methods of fertilization on soil nitrogen mineralization, quantitiative and qualitative characteristics of Sorghum Sudonese. MSc Master's degree in Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University. (In Persian)
7.Clementina, O.A., Olusola, J.O. and Luqman, S.K. 2010. Effect of spent engine oil on the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of Corchorus olitorius. L. J Environ. 82: 444-450.
8.Yousefzadeh, S. 2017. Investigating the variation of essential oil content and composition of Moldavian balm in several areas of east and west azarbaijan provinces. J. Crop Prod. 10: 1. 21-37. (In Persian)
9.Asadi Sanam, A., Zavareh, M., Pirdashti, H., Sefidkon, F., Nematzadeh, Gh.A. and Hashempour, A. 2015. Changes in some biochemical characteristics of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) medicinal plant in response to planting date and soil flooding duration. Iran J Med Arom Plant. 31: 2. 315-331. (In Persian)
10.Hassegawa, R.H., Fonseca, H., Fancelli, A.L., Da Silva, V.N., Schammass, E.A., Reis, T.A. and Correa, B. 2011. Influence of macro-and micro nutrient fertilization on fungal contamination and fumonisin production in corn grains. Agric Food Chem. 19: 1. 36-43.
11.Ghosh, P.K., Ramesh, P., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Tripathi, A.K., Hati, K.M., Misra, A.K. and Acharya, C.L. 2014. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. Bioresour Technol. 95: 1. 77-83.
12.Gholami, S., Vakili Shahrbabaki, S.M.A. and Afsharmanesh, Gh.R. 2016. The effect of biological fertilizer and cow fertilizer sources on grain and oil yield of Calendula officinalis. MSc Master's degree in Medicinal Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Jeroft. (In Persian).
13.Deliri, R., Shokrpour, M., Asghari, A., Esfandiari, E. and Seyed Sharifi, R. 2017. Assessment of milk thistle ecotypes for drought resistance in a hydroponic system. J Green Cult Sci Technol. 1: 1. 9-17. (In Persian)
14.Moradi, R., Afshari, H., Masoud Sinaki, J. and Bagheri Zadeh, M. 2017. Investigation effect of cultivar, planting date and humic acid on protein content, oil seed and cholorophyll content in Ricinus communis L. J. plant physio. 6: 18. 80-90. (In Persian)
15.Hojjati, M. and Razavi, S.H. 2016. Review on lycopene characteristics and role of microorganisms on its production. J. Food Sci. Technol. 8: 29. 11-25. (In Persian)
16.Selim, S.M., Ebtsam, M.M.A., Tawfik, M.S.H. and Abou-Sreea, A.I. 2013. Effect of sowing date, sow spacing and biofertilizer on yield and oil quality of fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 7: 2. 882-894.
17.Hussein, M.S.V., EL-Sherbeny, M.Y., Khalil, N., Naguib, Y., and Aly, S.M. 2011. Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Sci. Hortic. 108: 3. 322-331.
18.Kaplan, M., Kocabas, I., Sonmez, I. and Kalkan, H. 2009. The effects of different organic manure applications on the dry weight and the essential oil quantity of sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.). Acta Hortic. 826: 147-152.
19.Allizadeh, P., Fallah, S. and Raiesi, F. 2012. Potential n mineralization and availability to irrigated maize in a calcareous soil amended with organic manures and urea under field conditions. Int J Plant Prod. 6: 4. 493-512.
20.Rahbarian, P., Afsharmanesh, GH. and Shirzadi, M.H. 2015. Effects of water deficit and on above ground dry matter and essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum Moldavica) in Jeroft Iran. J crop ecophysio (Agric sci). 3: 12. 55-64. (In Persian)
21.Mallanagouda, B. 2008. Effects of N-P-K and fym on growth parameters of onion garlic and coriander. J Med Arom Plant Sci. 4: 916- 918.
22.Mahdavi moravaj, T., Ghanbari, A. and Asgharipour, M.R. 2015. Intercropping of barley and ajwain under different levels of manure and chemical fertilizer. J appl res plant ecophysio. 1: 4. 63-78. (In Persian)
23.Akbarinia, A., Ghalavand, A., Tahmasebi, Z., Sefidcon, F., Sharifi, E. and Rezaii, M.B. 2017. Study of the effect of different rates of N, P, manure and mixture of them on seed yield and essential oil of ajowan (Carum copticum). Iran J Med Arom Plant. 18: 1. 89-109. (In Persian)
24.Sabet Ahmadi, S.R. and jamnezhad, M. 2013. Effect of planting date on yield growth and the amount of basil essential oil Ocimum basilicum. National conference on natural products and medicinal plants, bojnord, north khorasan university of medical sciences, 5 to 6 October. (In Persian)
25.Shahedi, V., Panahi, B., Kodory, M.R. and Kabiri, R. 2015. Evaluation of planting time and plant density on essential oil Artemisia dracunculus L. National conference on natural products and medicinal plants, bojnord, north khorasan university of medical sciences, 5 to 6 October. (In Persian)
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 37-56

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار