بررسی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی و منابع مختلف کودی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مدیریت بهینه مصرف آب و منابع کود از عوامل مهم در موفقیت کشت گیاهان دارویی بوده و در این راستا شناسایی کودهای سازگار با طبیعت و مناسب برای گیاه می تواند اثرات مطلوبی بر شاخص های کمی و کیفی گیاه داشته باشد. بابونه یکی از گیاهان دارویی است که سابقه استفاده از آن به تمدن روم قدیم باز می‌گردد. به منظور بررسی اثر برخی کودهای شیمیایی، زیستی و حیوانی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گیاه بابونه آلمانی در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا گردید.

مواد و روش‌ها: تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (I) به عنوان فاکتور اول در سه سطح: آبیاری پس از 40 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک (I1)، آبیاری پس از 80 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک (I2) و آبیاری پس از 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک (I3) و حاصلخیزکننده‌های خاک (F) به عنوان فاکتور دوم در پنج سطح: عدم مصرف کود (F0)، کود شیمیایی (F1)، کود زیستی (F2)، کود دامی (F3) و کود مرغی (F4) بودند. ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک اندازه‌گیری شده شامل محتوای رنگیزه فتوسنتزی، محتوا رطوبت نسبی، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل، درصد نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، محتوای ترکیبات آنتی کسیدانی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد گل خشک بودند که هر یک به روش استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که با تاخیر در آبیاری درصد نیتروژن و فسفر کاهش نشان داد. در حالی که اعمال تنش کم‌آبی باعث افزایش میزان اسانس شد و بیشترین میزان اسانس و عملکرد اسانس در شرایط تنش متوسط مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان درصد نیتروژن، فسفر و میزان اسانس و عملکرد اسانس در کاربرد کود مرغی بدست آمد. کاربرد منابع مختلف کودی در مقایسه با شاهد تاثیر معنی‌داری در افزایش محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب و جذب پتاسیم در هر یک از شرایط آبیاری نشان داد. محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید، درصد مهار رادیکال DPPH و عملکرد خشک گل بابونه آلمانی به ترتیب منجر به افزایش 36، 25 ، 35 و 24 درصد در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و 30، 19 ،30 و 20 درصد در شرایط تنش متوسط و 20، 11 ، 13 و 17 درصد در شرایط تنش شدید کم آبی در گیاهان تیمار شده با کود مرغی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان بیان کرد که در هر یک سـطوح تـنش کم‌آبی اسـتفاده از کـود آلی از کـارایی بیشـتری در بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه بابونه آلمانی برخودار است و بهتر است برای افزایش راندمان محصولات کشاورزی از نهاده‌های آلی و زیستی به جای کودهای شیمیایی با هدف کاهش آلودگی در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of physiological characteristics of Matricaria chamomilla L. under water stress conditions and different fertilizer sources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Heydarzadeh 1
  • Fatemeh Ahmadi 2
  • Amir Rahimi 3
  • Behnam Dovlati 4
1 Department and plant protection and genesis, Faculty of agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Department of plant protection and genesis , Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia Iran.
4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: management of water consumption and fertilizer resources are one of the important factors in the success of cultivation of medicinal plants. So, identification of fertilizers compatible with nature and suitable for plants can have favorable effects on quantitative and qualitative indicators of plants. The Matricaria chamomilla L. is one of the medicinal plants that its use dates back to ancient Roman civilization. In order to investigate the effect of some chemical, biological and animal fertilizers on the physiological characteristics of Matricaria chamomilla under water stress, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University.
Materials and methods: Experimental treatments include different levels of irrigation (I) as the first factor at three levels: irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from pan (I1), irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from pan (I2) and irrigation after 120 mm Evaporation meter from pan (I3) and soil fertilizers (F) as the second factor in five levels: no fertilizer (F0), chemical fertilizer (F1), biofertilizer (F2), animal manure (F3) and poultry manure (F4) were. Measured physiological properties included photosynthetic pigment content, relative moisture content, total soluble carbohydrates, percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, content of antioxidant compounds, percentage and yield of essential oil and yield of dried flowers, each by standard method was measured.
Results: The results showed that with a delay in irrigation the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased, while the application of low water stress increased the amount of essential oil and the highest amount of essential oil and essential oil yield were observed in moderate stress conditions. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and the amount of essential oil and essential oil yield were obtained in the application of poultry manure. Application of different fertilizer sources in comparison with the control showed a significant effect on increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments, relative moisture content of leaves, water-soluble carbohydrates and potassium uptake in each irrigation condition. The content of total phenol, flavonoids, percentage of radical inhibition of DPPH and dry yield of Matricaria chamomilla flowers increased by 36, 25, 35 and 24% in optimal irrigation conditions and 30, 19, 30 and 20% in moderate stress conditions and 20, 11, 13% and 17% were observed in severely water stress conditions in plants treated with poultry manure compared to the control treatment respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concloude that in each of the water stress levels, the use of organic fertilizer is more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Matricaria chamomilla and it is better to increase the efficiency of agricultural products from organic and biological inputs instead of use chemical fertilizers with the aim of reducing pollution and achieve sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Nutrients
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Water Stress

مراجع

  1. Abd Elbar, O.H., Farag, R.E., and Shehata, S.A. 2019. Effect of putrescine application on some growth, biochemical and anatomical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris under drought stress. Ann. Agric. Sci.64: 2. 129-137.
  2. Abdi, G., Shokrpour, M., and Salami, S.A. 2019. Essential Oil Composition at Different Plant Growth Development of Peppermint (Menthax piperita) Under Water Deficit Stress. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 22: 2. 431-440.
  3. Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B., Haydari, M., Ramroodi, M., and Mousavinik, S.M., 2011. Study of chamomiles yield and its components under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers usage and their residue. J. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 3: 2. 23-28.
  4. Ahmadian, A., Tavassoli, A., and Amiri, E., 2011. The interaction effect of water stress and manure on yield components, essential oil and chemical compositions of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6:10. 2309-
  5. Akbar, S. 2020. Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae/Compositae). In Handbook of 200 medicinal plants.Pp: 1147-1159. Springer, Cham.
  6. Bistgani, Z.E., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Pirbalouti, A.G., Hashemi, M., Maggi, F., and Morshedloo, M.R., 2018. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensisInd Crops Prod. 121: 1. 434-440.
  7. Chapman, H.D., and Pratt, P.F. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California. Agric. Sci. 126 p.
  8. Chen, W., Yao, X., Cai, K., and Chen, J. 2011. Silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 142: 1. 67-76.
  9. Coban, F., Ozer, H., Ors, S., Sahin, U., Yildiz, G., and Cakmakci, T. 2018. Effects of deficit irrigation on essential oil composition and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in a high-altitude environment. J. Essent. Oil Res. 30: 6. 457-463.
  10. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.T., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28: 3. 350-356.
  11. Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Navai, S.F., and Dehpour, A.A. 2011. Antioxidant activity of hydroalcholic extract of ferulagummosa Boiss roots. US National Library of Medicinal National Institutes of Health. 15: 6. 658-664.
  12. El-Kashef, T.O.M., and Abdallah, S.A. 2018. Effect of NPK rates and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) plant in sandy soils. Hortscience Journal of Suez Canal University. 7:1. 29-40.
  13. Ghosh, P.K., Ramesh, P., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Tripathi, A.K., Hati, K.M., Misra, A.K., and Acharya, C.L., 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. I. Crop yields and system performance. Bioresour. Technol. 95: 1. 77-83.
  14. Hasani, A., Omidbiygi, R., and Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2002. Effect of soil water levels on growth, yield and osmolytes accumulation in basil (Ocimum basilicum). J. Soil Water Res. 17: 2. 20-28.
  15. Horwitz, W. 1984. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC. 184 p.
  16. Hu, Y.C., and Schmidhalter, U. 2005. Drought and salinity: a comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 168: 1. 541-549.
  17. Huang, X.F., Li, S.Q., Li, S.Y., Ye, G.Y., Lu, L.J., Zhang, L., Yang, L.Y., Qian, X., and Liu, J. 2019. The effects of biochar and dredged sediments on soil structure and fertility promote the growth, photosynthetic and rhizosphere microbial diversity of Phragmites communis (Cav.) Trin. Sci. Total Environ. 69: 2. 325-336.
  18. Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Ghorttapeh, A.H., Farahvash, F., and Daneshian, A.M. 2019. Evaluating effects of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative traits of valerian (valeriana officinalis). J. Plant Nutr. 2: 1. 1-13.
  19. Kałużewicz, A., Krzesiński, W., Spiżewski, T., and Zaworska, A. 2017. Effect of biostimulants on several physiological characteristics and chlorophyll content in broccoli under drought stress and re-watering. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 45: 1. 197-202.
  20. Keyvan, S. 2010. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 8: 3. 1051-1060.
  21. Khali Poor Asbagh, J. 2006. Chamomile (Marticaria recutita), characters and application. J. Essent. Oil Res. 56: 2. 30-36.
  22. Kumar, G., Singh, R., and Mishra, R. 2020. Biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer induced changes in cyto-morphological and biochemical constituents of Foeniculum vulgareCurr. Bot. 4: 2. 7-13.
  23. Letchamo, W. 1992. A comparative study of chamomile yield essential oil and flavonoids content under two sowing seasons and nitrogen levels. Acta. Hortic. 306: 1. 375-384.
  24. Letchamo, W., 1993. Nitrogen application affects yield and content of the active substances in chamomile genotypes. P 636-639, In: M. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds). New Crops, Wiley, New York, USA.
  25. Letchamo, W., Marquard, R., Holz, J., and Gosselin, A. 1994. Effects of water supply and light intensity on growth and essential oil of two Thymus vulgaris Angew. Bot. 68: 1. 83-88.
  26. Lichtenthaler, H.K., and Wellburn, A.R. 1987. Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11: 2. 591-592.
  27. Lori, M., Piton, G., Symanczik, S., Legay, N., Brussaard, L., Jaenicke, S., Nascimento, E., Reis, F., Sousa, J.P., Mäder, P., and Gattinger, A. 2020. Compared to conventional, ecological intensive management promotes beneficial proteolytic soil microbial communities for agro-ecosystem functioning under climate change-induced rain regimes. Sci. Rep. 10: 1. 1-15.
  28. Lukashe, N.S., Mupambwa, H.A., Green, E., and Mnkeni, P.N.S., 2019. Inoculation of fly ash amended vermicompost with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and its influence on vermi-degradation, nutrient release and biological activity. Waste. Manage. 83: 1. 14-22.
  29. Malavolta, E., Vitti, G.C., and Oliveira, S.A. 1997. Avaliacão do estado nutricional das planta: princípios aplicacões, 2 Potafos, Piracicaba. 319 p.
  30. Mathur, S., Tomar, R.S., and Jajoo, A. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protect photosynthetic apparatus of wheat under drought stress. Photosynth. Res. 139: 3. 227-238.
  31. Mirseyedi, S.K., Nasiri, Y., Morshedloo, M.R., and Khalili, M. 2020. Evaluation of organic, chemical, biological and amino acids application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) at different harvesting. Ir. J. Hortic. Sci. 50: 4. 755-767.
  32. Muller, V., Lankes, C., Zimmermann, B.F., Noga, G., and Hunsche, M. 2013. Centelloside accumulation in leaves of Centella asiatica is determined by resource partitioning between primary and secondary metabolism while influenced by supply levels of either nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium. J. Plant Physiol. 170: 13. 1165-1175.
  33. Munns, R. 1993. Physiological process limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmass and hypotheses. Plant Cell. Environ. Res. 16: 2. 15-24.
  34. Murakami, K., Hara, M., Kondo, T., and Hashimoto, Y., 2011. Increased total nitrogen content of poultry manure by decreasing water content through composting processes. Sci. Plant Nutr. 57: 5. 705-709.
  35. Pankaj, U., Singh, D.N., Singh, G., and Verma, R.K. 2019. Microbial inoculants assisted growth of Chrysopogon zizanioides promotes phytoremediation of salt affected soil. Ind J. Microbiol. 59: 2. 137-146.
  36. Pirzad, A., Shakiba, M.R., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Mohammadi, S.A., Darvishzadeh, R., and Samadi, A. 2011. Effect of water stress on leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, proline and soluble carbohydrates in Matricaria chamomillaJ. Med. Plants Res. 5: 12. 2483-2488.
  37. Rahimi, A., Siavash Moghaddam, S., Ghiyasi, M., Heydarzadeh, S., Ghazizadeh, K., and Popović-Djordjević, J. 2019. The Influence of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers on agrobiological and antioxidant properties of Syrian cephalaria (Cephalaria Syriaca). Agriculture. 9: 6. 122-130.
  38. Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V., and Vivekanandan, M. 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. J. Plant Physiol. 161: 11. 1189-1202.
  39. Refaat, A.M., and M.M. Saleh. 1997. The combined effect of irrigation intervals and foliar nutrition on sweet Basil plants. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo. 48: 2. 515-527.
  40. Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T., and Holaday, A.S. 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Sci. 30: 1. 105-111.
  41. Salehi, A., Tasdighi, H., and Gholamhoseini, M., 2016. Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 6: 10. 886-891.
  42. Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Moreno, D.A., Ferreres, F., Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. and Ruiz, J.M., 2011. Differential responses of five cherry tomato varieties to water stress: changes on phenolic metabolites and related enzymes. Phytochem. 72: 8. 723-729.
  43. Sharafzadeh, S., and Ordookhani, K., 2011. Organic and bio fertilizers as a good substitute for inorganic fertilizers in medicinal plants farming. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 5: 12. 1330-1333.
  44. Smitha, G.R., Basak, B.B., Thondaiman, V., and Saha, A., 2019. Nutrient management through organics, bio-fertilizers and crop residues improves growth, yield and quality of sacred basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn). Ind Crops Prod. 128: 1. 599-606.
  45. Solinas, V., and Deiana, S. 1996. Effect of water and nutritional conditions on the Rosmarinus officinalis phenolic fraction and essential oil yields. Riv. Ital. EPPOS. 19: 2. 189-198.
  46. Tenninghoff, E., and Houba, V. 2004. Plant Analysis Procedures (second edition). Kluwer Academic Publisher. 179 p.
  47. Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant. Soil Res. 255: 1. 571-586.
  48. Yadegari, M., and Mosadeghzad, Z., 2012. Biofertilizers effects on quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7: 34. 4716-4723.
  49. Yolcu, H., Gunes, A., Dasci, M., Turan, M., and Serin, Y., 2010. The effects of solid, liquid and combined cattle manure applications on the yield, quality and mineral contents of common vetch and barley intercropping mixture. Sci. Hortic. 19: 75. 71-81.
  50. Youssef, I.A., Ali, M.E., Noufal, E.H., Ismail, S.A., and Ali, M.M., 2020. Effect of different sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizers with and without organic and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield components of fennel plants (Foeniculum vulgare). J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12: 2. 6-14.
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 14، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 109-126

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار