بررسی استفاده از ازتوباکتر در کاهش مصرف نیتروژن در تولید ارقام لوبیا در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان لنگرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: حبوبات، به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین منابع گیاهی غنی از پروتئین و بعد ‌از غلات دومین منبع غذایی انسان به‌شمار می-رود. در ‌بین حبوبات، لوبیا(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) از نظر ارزش اقتصادی و سطح زیر کشت مقام اول جهان را دارا می‌باشد. نیتروژن یکی از مهمترین عناصرغذایی مورد نیاز گیاه بوده و نقش مهمی در افزایش عملکرد دارد اما مسائل زیست محیطی به‌ویژه افزایش غلظت نیترات در آب‌های زیرزمینی کم‌عمق در شمال ایران موجب شده تا کاربرد کودهای زیستی مورد توجه قرار بگیرد.هدف از اجرای این آزمایش بررسی تاثیر استفاده از ازتوباکتر در کاهش مصرف نیتروژن در تولید لوبیا در شمال ایران بود.
مواد و روشها: به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از باکتری ازتوباکتر و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیا در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان لنگرود آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات (کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده) در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در مزرعه آزمایشی واقع در شهرستان لنگرود در سال 1396 انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل دو رقم لوبیا شامل: =V1بومی و =V2 اصلاح شده درود 4803 و عامل فرعی 6 سطح کود نیتروژن و باکتری: = F1 شاهد، F2 = 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، =F3 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، F4 = کاربرد ازتوباکتر، F5 = ازتوباکتر+ 25 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و F6 = ازتوباکتر+ 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بود.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان‌ داد که اثر رقم بر تعداد غلاف در شاخه اصلی، تعداد غلاف در شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد برگ در بوته معنی‌دار بود. سطوح مختلف کود بر تعداد غلاف در شاخه اصلی، تعداد غلاف در شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد برگ در بوته معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل رقم و کود بر تعداد غلاف در شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. تیمار F3 (100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) و تیمار F6 (50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار + تلقیح با باکتری) در صفات مورد بررسی نسبت به سایر تیمارها برتری نشان دادند. عملکرد دانه با کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن (F3) و 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار + تلقیح با باکتری (F6) به‌ترتیب 2585 و 2455 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم درود بود که موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه به‌میزان 68% و 66% نسبت به تیمار شاهد (F1) گردید.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و رقم اصلاح شده درود با میانگین 55/2585 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد که با تیمار تلقیح با باکتری ازتوباکتر و 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفت. در واقع می توان با مصرف 50 درصد کود نیتروژن کمتر و استفاده از تلقیح با باکتری ازتوباکتر آلودگی محیط زیست را کاهش داد. بنابراین تیمار تلقیح با باکتری ازتوباکتر و 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین تیمار کودی برای لوبیا در منطقه آزمایشی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of using Azotobacter in reducing nitrogen consumption in production of common bean cultivars in climatic conditions of Langaroud city

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Ashyri
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Legumes are considered as one of the most important plant sources that rich in protein and after cereals are the second source of human food. Among legumes, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) due to economic value and area under cultivation are first in rank of the world. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients needed by plants and plays an important role in increasing yield, but environmental issues, especially increasing the concentration of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northern Iran have led to the use of biofertilizers. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using Azotobacter in reducing chemical nitrogen consumption in bean production in northern Iran.

Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of using Azotobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of bean cultivars as a split plot in a randomize complete block design with three replications was performed in an experimental farm located in Langaroud city in 2017. The main factor includes two bean cultivars including: = V1 native and = V2 modified Doroud 4803 and sub-factor 6 levels of nitrogen fertilizer and bacteria: = F1 control, F2 = 50 kg N / ha, F3 = 100 kg N / ha, F4 = Application Azotobacter, F5 = Azotobacter + 25 kg N / ha and F6 = Azotobacter + 50 kg N / ha.

Results: The results showed that the effect of cultivar on number of pods in main branch, number of pods in sub-branch, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves per plant were significant. Different levels of fertilizer on the number of pods in the main branch, number of pods in the sub-branch, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves per plant were significant. The interaction between cultivar and fertilizer on pod number per branch, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index was significant. Treatment F3 (100 kg N / ha) and F6 treatment (50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter) in the studied traits showed superiority over other treatments. Seed yield with application of 100 kg / ha nitrogen (F3) and 50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter (F6) were 2585 and 2455 kg / ha in Doroud cultivar, respectively, which increased seed yield by 68% and 66% compared to the control treatment (F1).

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the highest seed yield was obtained in the improved Doroud cultivar with an average of 2585kg / ha in treatment of 100 kg N / ha and was in one statistical group with application of 50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter. In fact, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution by consuming 50% less nitrogen fertilizer and using inoculation with Azotobacter. Therefore, inoculation treatment with Azotobacter and 50 kg N / ha is the most suitable fertilizer treatment for beans in the experimental area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bean cultivar
  • biofertilizers
  • chemical fertilizer
  • inoculation
  • grain yield

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 14، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 97-108

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