بهینه‌سازی کود دامی و تراکم بوته در گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) با استفاده از مدلسازی سطح- پاسخ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد کشاورزی اکولوژیک، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استاد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود و تراکم بوته از جمله راهکارهای زراعی برای بهبود کارایی مصرف نهاده‌ها و تخفیف آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی است. روش سطح- پاسخ (RSM) یکی از روش‌های آماری برای بهینه‌سازی نهاده‌ها است که میزان بهینه را بوسیله طرح مرکب مرکزی تعیین می‌کند. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین میزان بهینه کود دامی و تراکم بوته برای عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی و اسانس گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی استفاده از مدلسازی سطح- پاسخ بود.
مواد و روشها: این مطالعه با استفاده از طرح مرکب مرکزی با 13 تیمار و دو تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 97-1396 انجام شد. سطوح بالا و پایین تراکم بوته (به ترتیب 10 و 15 بوته در متر مربع) و کود دامی (به ترتیب صفر (شاهد) و 70 تن در هکتار) به عنوان تیمار مدنظر قرار گرفتند. وزن تر و خشک ساقه، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن خشک کل و درصد اسانس در دو نوبت نمونه‌برداری و دو چین بعنوان متغیر وابسته مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند و تغییرات آنها با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی ارزیابی شد. به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت و بسندگی مدل از آزمون عدم برازش و آنالیز واریانس استفاده شد. معادله چند جمله‌ای درجه دوم کامل برای تعیین معنی‌داری مدل و اجزای مدل (خطی، درجه دو و اثر متقابل) و ضریب تبیین (R2) برای ارزیابی کیفیت مدل برازش شده مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که اثر جزء خطی و درجه دو بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه در مراحل اول و دوم نمونه‌برداری معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل کود دامی و تراکم بوته تنها بر صفات مورد مطالعه در مرحله دوم نمونه‌برداری معنی‌دار بود. آزمون عدم برازش در مورد هیچ-کدام از صفات معنی‌دار نشد که این امر نشان‌دهنده برازش مطلوب مدل رگرسیون درجه دو کامل بود. دامنه R2 برای صفات رویشی برابر با 62/84-39/70 درصد و برای عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی و درصد اسانس در چین‌های اول و دوم برابر با 06/63-36/27 درصد محاسبه شد. بالاترین عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی مشاهده شده و پیش‌بینی شده به ترتیب برای تراکم 5/12 بوته در مربع و 35 تن کود دامی در هکتار (13/755 گرم در مترمربع) و 15 بوته در مربع و 35 تن کود دامی در هکتار (92/319 گرم در مترمربع) به دست آمد. عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی در چین دوم بالاتر از چین اول بود. مقدار بهینه تراکم بوته و کود دامی و درجه مطلوبیت برای عملکرد زیست‌توده به ترتیب با 10 بوته در مترمربع و 23 تن در هکتار و 94/0 d= و برای عملکرد زیست‌توده و درصد اسانس، 10 بوته در متر مربع و 49 تن در هکتار و 96/0 d= محاسبه گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی، بهینه‌سازی میزان مصرف منابع با استفاده از مدلسازی سطح-پاسخ می‌تواند به عنوان راهکاری مطلوب در تولید پایدار گیاهان دارویی جهت افزایش تولید و بهبود کیفیت مد نظر قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها: ﻋﺪم ﺑﺮازش‌‌، ﻣﺪل رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن درجه‌دو ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‌‌، عملکرد اندام‌های رویشی، درجه مطلوبیت

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of cow manure and plant density in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) as a medicinal plant using response surface methodolgy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Sadeghi 1
  • Soroor Khorramdel 2
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati 3
  • Fatemeh parsapour 1
1 MSc. student in Agroecology, Department of Agrotecnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Agrotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 FUM
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Optimization of fertilizer and plant density are management approaches to improve resources efficiency and decline environmental pollutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of mathematical and statistical techniques that are used to develop, to improve or to optimize a product by using Central composite designs. In this work, optimization of cow manure and plant density on biomass yield and essential oil percentage of peppermint as a medicinal plant species using central composite design for RSM was evaluated.
Materials and methods: An experiment was conducted using central composite design with 13 treatments and two replications at the Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the growing season of 2017-2018. The treatments were allocated based on low and high levels of plant density (10 and 15 plants.m-2, respectively) and cow manure (0 and 70 t.ha-1, respectively). Fresh weight of stem, dried weight of stem, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, total dried weight and essential oil percentage in two sampling times and two cuttings were measured as dependent variables and changes of these variables were evaluated by a regression model. Lack-of-fit test was used to evaluate the quality of the fitted model. The adequacy of the model was tested by analysis of variance. The full quadratic polynomial equation was tested to determine the significance of the model and the component of the model (linear, squared and first-order interaction terms) and the quality of the fitted model was judged using the determination coefficient (R2).
Results: The results showed that effect of linear and square components were significant on all studied characteristics in two sampling times. Interaction between the two factors of manure and plant density was significant on the studied traits only for the second sampling stage. Lack of fit had no significant effect on the studied traits. The full square model for the response variables gave insignificant lack-of-fit indicating that the data were satisfactorily explained. In the first and the second cuttings, R2 ranges for biomass yield and biomass yield+ essential oil were 70.39-84.62% and 27.36-63.06%, respectively. The highest observed and predicted values of biomass yield were recorded in 12.5 plants.m-2+ 35 t.ha-1 cow manure (755.13 g.m-2) and 15 plants.m-2+ 35 t.ha-1 cow manure (319.92 g.m-2), respectively. The mean yield of biomass yield in the second cutting was higher than the first cutting. Optimum levels of plant density and cow manure and desirability for biomass yield were calculated with 10 plants.m-2+23 t.ha-1 and d= 0.94 and the parameters for biomass yield, and essential oil percentage were with 10 plants.m-2, 49 t.ha-1 and d= 0.96, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, it seems that resource use optimization using RSM may be suitable cropping approach for sustainable production of medicinal plants in agroecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lack of fit
  • Full quadratic regression model
  • Biomass yield
  • desirability
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