اثر محلول‌پاشی براسینولید بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) از مهم‌ترین گیاهان روغنی می‌باشد که به دلیل برخورداری از درصد بالای روغن دانه و سازگاری به شرایط مختلف اقلیمی و خاکی در سطح وسیعی از مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور کشت می‌شود. با توجه به اینکه احتمال تنش خشکی در این مناطق زیاد می‌باشد ضروری است جهت مقابله با این تنش در این مناطق اقدام شود. یکی از روش‌های مقابله با تنش خشکی استفاده از تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی می‌باشد. با توجه به اینکه براسینولید ماده استروئیدی تنظیم رشد گیاهی است که می‌تواند در افزایش تحمل گیاه در مقابل تنش‌های مختلف اثرگذار باشد، لذا هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثرات محلول‌پاشی براسینولید بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی آفتابگردان در یکی از مناطق نیمه خشک کشور بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در منطقه نورآباد استان فارس به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و نه تیمار در سال زراعی 1397 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح بدون تنش 100) درصد آبیاری کامل(، تنش متوسط 75) درصد آبیاری کامل( و تنش شدید 50) درصد آبیاری کامل( بر اساس تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس، A و عامل فرعی شامل کاربرد هورمون براسینولید در سه سطح) صفر، 1/0 و 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر( می‌باشد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد، تعداد دانه در طبق و وزن هزار دانه آفتابگردان تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفتند، استفاده از 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محلول‌پاشی براسینولید در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی می‌تواند باعث افزایش معنی‌داری در میزان کلروفیل و تعداد برگ در بوته گردد، درنتیجه عملکرد، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد روغن نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3/313 گرم بر مترمربع) در تیمار آبیاری کامل و 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محلول‌پاشی براسینولید حاصل شد به‌طوری‌که 55 درصد مقدار عملکرد دانه از تیمار شاهد بیشتر بود. همچنین درصد و عملکرد روغن نیز تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی کاهش پیدا کرد ولی با کاربرد هورمون براسینولید مقدار این دو صفت افزایش پیدا کرد. در رابطه با پرولین نیز در سطح تنش شدید بیشترین میزان پرولین برگ در تیمار 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محلول‌پاشی براسینولید و کمترین میزان این صفت در تیمار شاهد به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این آزمایش نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از محلول‌پاشی براسینولید در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی می-تواند 63 درصد تحمل به خشکی را افزایش دهد. بنابراین، در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی استفاده از محلول‌پاشی براسینولید می‌تواند راهکاری برای افزایش تولید در گیاه آفتابگردان باشد .

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of brassinolide foliar application on some physiological and agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Ghasemi 1
  • Shahrokh Jahanbin 2
  • Hojatella Latifmanesh 2
  • Hooshang Farajee 3
  • Amin Mirshekari 2
1 M.Sc. Student. Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University,, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil plants, which is cultivated due to the high seed oil and adaptation to different climatic and soil conditions in a wide range of arid and semi-arid regions of the country. Due to the possibility of drought stress in these areas, it is essential to take action to cope with these stresses. One of the methods to reduce drought stress is the use of plant growth regulators. Considering that brassinolide is the plant growth regulating steroidal substance that can affect the increase of plant resistance against different stresses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of brassinolide foliar application on some physiological and agronomic characteristics of sunflower in one of the semiarid areas of the country.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in the Noorabad area of Fars province using split-plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and nine treatments in 2018. The main factor of the experiment included irrigation at three levels which consisted of without stress (100 percent of full irrigation), moderate stress (75 percent of full irrigation), and severe stress (50 percent of full irrigation) according to evaporation from class A pan, and sub-factor including the application of brassinolide hormone at three levels (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L).
Results: The results showed that yield, number of seeds per head and weight of 1000 sunflower seeds were affected by experimental treatments, using 0.5 mg/L brassinolide foliar application under severe drought stress conditions can significantly increase chlorophyll content and number of leaves per plant, therefore, the yield, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and oil yield increased compared to control treatment. The highest grain yield (313.3 g/m2) was obtained in complete irrigation treatment and 0.5 mg/L brassinolide foliar application, so that 55% of the grain yield was higher than the control treatment. Also, the percentage and yield of oil were reduced under drought stress but the amount of these two traits was increased with brassinolide hormone application. The highest leaf proline content observed in 0.5 mg/L brassinolide foliar application and the lowest of this trait was obtained in the control treatment.
Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that the use of brassinolide foliar application under severe drought stress conditions can increase drought tolerance by 63%. Therefore, under severe stress conditions, the use of brassinolide foliar application can be a solution to increase the production of sunflower .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Brassinolide
  • Drought stress
  • Yield

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 14، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 31-48

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