ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برخی ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا در تلقیح با قارچ اندوفیت Priformospora indica و باکتریArthrobacter siccitolerans در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

2 دانشیار ، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

3 استاد ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

چکیده:
سابقه و هدف: یکی از مشکلات جهانی و کشور ما برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی تنش خشکی می‌باشد که برخورد حداقل یکی از مراحل مهم چرخه زندگی گیاهان با این نوع تنش، اجتناب ناپذیر است. از اینرو تکامل ژنوتیپ‌های زراعی مقاوم به خشکی و تولید بیشتر غذا از آب کمتر در شرایطی که عملاً توسعه اراضی کشاورزی مقدور نیست، موجب گردیده تا بیشتر نگاه‌ها به افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح معطوف شود. بنابراین، با توجه به نیاز کشور به افزایش تولید دانه‌های روغنی، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برخی ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا با قارچ شبه میکوریزا Piriformospora indica و باکتری افزاینده رشد Arthrobacter siccitolerans در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در شرایط مزرعه‌ای طی دو سال زراعی 96-1395و 97-1396در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی واقع در 10 کیلومتری شهرستان اردبیل به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح آبیاری به عنوان فاکتور اصلی، شامل آبیاری معمول و دیگری تنش خشکی به صورت قطع آبیاری در مرحله خورجین‌دهی و سه سطح تلقیح میکروبی (بدون تلقیح، تلقیح قارچ P. indica و تلقیح باکتری A. siccitolerans به عنوان فاکتور فرعی و 10 ژنوتیپ‌ کلزای پاییزه ( کرج 1، کرج 2، کرج 3، طلایه، زرفام، Licord، SLM-046، Modena، Opera، Okapi ) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی مجموعاً 60 تیمار بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد قطع آبیاری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در خورجین، طول خورجین، خورجین در بوته، وزن هزاردانه و ارتفاع بوته شد. نتایج مقایسات میانگین اثرات متقابل تنش خشکی و ژنوتیپ نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک مربوط به ژنوتیپ طلایه به ترتیب با عملکرد 5/3323 و 9745 کیلوگرم در هکتار تحت شرایط بدون تنش خشکی بوده و همینطور بیشترین وزن هزاردانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ اپرا با وزن 9/4 گرم بود. بیشترین کاهش عملکرد دانه در نتیجه اعمال تنش خشکی مربوط به ژنوتیپ کرج-2 با کاهش 2/693 و کاهش عملکرد بیولوژیک مربوط به ژنوتیپ مودنا با کاهش 3/2004 کیلوگرم درهکتار و کاهش وزن هزار دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ زرفام با کاهش 39/1 گرم بود. در مقابل بیشترین افزایش عملکرد دانه در نتیجه تلقیح بذور با قارچ P. indica و باکتری A. siccitolerans، مربوط به ژنوتیپ اکاپی به ترتیب با افزایش 08/332 و 25/436 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بیشترین افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیک مربوط به ژنوتیپ مودنا با افزایش 41/1239 تحت شرایط تلقیح با باکتری A. siccitolerans و افزایش 58/1205 تحت شرایط تلقیح با قارچ P. indica بود. در کل تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک به ترتیب به میزان 24 و 5/20 درصد شد اما عمل تلقیح با قارچ P. indica و باکتری A. siccitolerans باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط بدون تنش خشکی به ترتیب به میزان 7 و 10 درصد و بهبود عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب به میزان 6/12 و 11 درصد شد همچنین تحت شرایط اعمال تنش خشکی، تلقیح بذور با قارچ P. indica و باکتری A. siccitolerans باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به میزان 5/10 و 11 درصد و عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب به میزان 15 و 16 درصد شد. نتایج نشان دهنده همبستگی بالای عملکرد دانه با تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده و عملکرد بیولوژیک نیز با تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده به غیر از شاخص عملکرد بود.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تحت هر دو شرایط تنش خشکی و آبیاری کامل داشت و بین ژنوتیپ‌ها نیز ژنوتیپ طلایه بیشترین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد را نسبت به بقیه ژنوتیپ‌ها داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of yield and yield components of some rapeseed cultivars with endophyte P. indica and A. siccitolerans under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Nemati 1
  • Aliasghar Alilou 2
  • Mohammad Sedghi 3
1 Ardabil Agricultural Jihad Organization
3 professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the global and national problems for the production of agricultural products is drought stress that the encounter with at least one of the important stages of the plant life cycle. Therefore, the development of drought-resistant cultivars and more food production from less water in a situation where the development of agricultural land is not possible, has led to more attention to increase yield per unit area.. Therefore, according to the country's need to increase oilseed production, this study was aimed to investigate the evaluate the yield and yield components of inoculation of different rapeseed cultivars with mycorrhiza-like fungi (Piriformosporaindica) and growth-promoting bacterium (Arthrobactersiccitolerans) on growth, yield and yield components of canola under normal and water stressed conditions.

Materials and Methods: This experimentwas performed to investigate the effect of inoculation of 10 different cultivars of rapeseed cultivars with mycorrhiza-like fungus (Piriformospora indica) and growth-promoting bacterium (Arthrobacter siccitolerans) on growth, yield and quantitative and qualitative yield components of rapeseed under drought stress in field conditions at the Agricultural Research Center of MohagheghArdabili University located on 10 km from Ardabil, in the form of split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three repetitions in 2016-17 and 2017-2018. Experimental treatments included two levels of irrigation as the main factor, normal irrigation and drought stress in podding stage and three levels of microbial inoculation (without inoculation, P.indica inoculation and A.siccitolerans inoculation as a sub-factor and 10 cultivars of winter rapeseed (Karaj 1, Karaj 2, Karaj 3, Talayeh, Zarfam, Licord, SLM-046, Modena, Opera, Okapi) as a sub-factor totally consists of 60 treatments.
Results: The results showed that irrigation cut off, significantly reduced grain yield, biological yield, leaf area index, number of seeds per pod, pod length, pod per plant, 1000-seed weight and plant height. The results of comparing the mean interactions of drought stress and genotype showed that the highest grain and biological yields related to Talayeh genotype with 3323.5 and 9745 kg/ha yield under drought stress conditions, respectively, and also the highest 1000-grain weight related to Opera genotype by weight. It was 4.9gr. The highest decrease in grain yield as a result of drought stress was related to Karaj-2 genotype with a decrease of 693.2 and the decrease in biological yield was related to Modena genotype with a decrease of 2004.3 kg/ha and 1000-grain weight loss was related to Zarfam genotype with a decrease of 1.39gr. Was. In contrast, the highest increase in grain yield due to inoculation of seeds with P.indica and A. siccitolerans, related to the Okapi genotype with an increase of 332.08 and 436.25 kg/ha, respectively, and the highest increase in biological yield related to the Modena genotype with an increase 1239.41 was under inoculation with A. siccitolerans and an increase of 1205.58 was under inoculation with P.indica. In general, drought stress reduced grain yield and biological yield by 24 and 20.5%, respectively, but inoculation with P.indica and A.siccitolerans improved grain yield under drought stress conditions by 7 and 10, respectively. Percentage and improvement of biological yield were 12.6% and 11%, respectively. Also, under conditions of drought stress, inoculation of seeds with P.indica and A.siccitolerans improved grain yield by 10.5% and 11%, respectively. Biological yield was 15% and 16%, respectively. The results also showed high correlation between grain yield and all measured traits and biological yield with all measured traits except harvest index.
Conclusion: The results showed that inoculation of rapeseed cultivars had a significant effect on yield and yield components under both stress and full irrigation conditions and Talayeh cultivar had the highest yield and yield components compared to other cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • podding
  • biological yield
  • grain yield
  • Irrigation cut

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 13، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 87-110

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