نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
2 استاد ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Given the increasing demand for food supply due to human population growth and the limited arable land, the role of plant breeding in increasing crop production is evident. Wheat (Triticum spp.) is known as an important food source in the world because of its adaptation to different environments. Triticale (X. Triticosecale Witmack) has high adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and is able to produce efficiently even in poorly fertilized soils and low input farming systems. Heterosis is a natural phenomenon that depends on the species and genetic variation and is called the increase in hybrid vigor of parents, which can be explored to increase crop production. Since the exploitation of heterosis is promising in wheat, the employment of putative hybrids for sustainable food supply has potentially increased. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate heterosis and to evaluate the coefficients of phenotypic and genetic variation as well as heritability estimates.
Materials and methods: A total of 79 genotypes including 19 common wheat, 3 durum wheat, 4 triticale along with their 53 F1 hybrids were used, in this study. Morphological traits including yield and yield components viz. plant height, number of spike per plant, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant were measured. The heterosis estimates in the studied hybrids were calculated based on the mid-parent and better-parent. After analysis of variance, coefficients of phenotypic variation, coefficients of genetic variation and general heritability were estimated.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for the studied traits. Mean squares of parents versus hybrids were significant for all traits, indicating heterosis in the studied traits. F1 hybrid derived from Long Spike 2 × Sirvan cross had the lowest heterosis compared to the mid-parent and superior parent for plant height. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain yield per plant belonged to the hybrid derived from the cross between Long spike 5 × Roshan. The estimated heterosis for grain yield based on mid-parent value showed a range of 25.34 to –25.41, indicating the high genetic diversity of the parents used to produce the 53 F1 hybrids studied.
Conclusion: Given the genetic diversity observed in this study indicating heterosis in the studied traits as well as high heritability in the traits, the diversity can be explored either by hybrid breeding strategy or advancing segregating generations toward developing new cultivars.
کلیدواژهها [English]
1.Adhikari, A., Ibrahim, A.M.H., Rudd, J.C., Baenziger, P.S., and Sarazin, J.B. 2020. Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas. Crop Sci. 60: 1. 788-803.
2 Akar, T., and Ozgen, M. 2007. Genetic diversity in Turkish durum wheat landraces. In: H.T. Buck et al. (eds.), Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Vol. 12. Pp: 753-760.
4.Akinci, C. 2009. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in 6 x 6 half diallel crosses of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci. 159: 3. 214-221.
5.Arzani, A., and Ashraf, M. 2017. Cultivated ancient wheats (Triticum spp.): A potential source of health beneficial food products. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 16: 3. 477-488.
6.Bhutta, M.A., and Mishra, Y. 1995. Studies on yield and yield components in spring wheat under drought conditions. J. Agric. Res. 35: 1. 75-79.
7.Birchler, J.A., Auger, D.L., and Riddle, N.C. 2003. In search of the molecular basis of heterosis. Plant Cell. 15: 10. 2236-2239.
8.Boeven, P.H.G., Longin, C.F.H., Leiser, W.L., Kollers, S., Ebmeyer, E., Würschum, T. 2016. Genetic architecture of male floral traits required for hybrid wheat breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 129: 2343-2357.
9.Briggle, L. 1963. Heterosis in wheat a review. Crop Sci. 3: 5. 407-412.
10.Conti, L. 1985. Conclusive results of a selection programme for obtaining a dwarf bean (P. vulgaris) resistant to some viruses and characterized by agronomical qualities. Genet. Agric. 39: 51-63.
11.Edwards, I.B. 2001. Hybrid wheat. In: A.P. Bonjean and W.J. Angus (eds.), The World Wheat Book: A History of Wheat Breeding, Lavoiser, Paris. Pp: 1019-1043.
12.Farahani, E., and Arzani, A. 2008. Assessment of heterosis in durum wheat F1 hybrids under field conditions. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Res. 11: 42. 159-170. (In Persian)
13.Farshadfar, E. 2010. New discussions in biometrical genetics, vol 1. Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah Press. (In Persian)
14.Farshadfar, E., and Estehghari, M.R. 2014. Estimation of genetic architecture for agro morphological characters in common wheat. Int. J. Biosci. 5: 6. 140-147.
15.Foley, J.A., Ramankutty, N.K., Brauman, A., Cassidy, E.S., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M., Mueller, N.D., O’Connell, C., Ray, D.K., and West, P.C. 2011. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature. 478: 3370-342.
16.Gautam, P., and Jain, K. 1985. Heterosis for various characters in durum wheat. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 45: 1. 159-165.
17.Gowda, M., Kling, C.K., Würschum, T., Liu, W., Maurer, H.P., Hahn, V., and Reif, J.C. 2010. Hybrid breeding in durum wheat: heterosis and combining ability. Crop Sci. 50: 6. 2224-223 .
18.Gul, S., Aziz, M.K., Ahmad, R.I., Liaqat, S., Rafi, M., Hussain, F., and Manzoor, S.A. 2015. Estimation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses. Basic Res. J. Agric. Sci. 4: 5. 151-157.
19.Hei, N., Hussein, S., and Laing, M. 2016. Heterosis and combining ability analysis of slow rusting stem rust resistance and yield and related traits in bread wheat. Euphytica. 207: 501-514.
20.Ibrahim, A.U., Yadav, B., Anusha, R., and Magashi, A.I. 2020. Heterosis studies in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.). J. Genet. Genom. Plant Breed. 4: 1. 2-8.
21.Ionuț, R., Kadar, R., Ceclan, A.O., Varadi, A., Varga, A., and Cheţan, F. 2017. The influence of climatic conditions changes on grain yield in winter triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittm.). Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agric. 74: 1. 40-46.
22.Khokhar, A.A., Jatoi, W.A., Nizamani, F.G., Rind, R.A., Nizamani, M.M.,Wang, H.F., Mehmood, A., and Khokhar, M.U. 2019. Study of heterosis analysis in F1 population of bread wheat. Pure Appl. Boil. 8: 2. 1757-1770.
23.Kumar, B., Singh, C.M., and Jaiswal, K.K. 2013. Genetic variability, association and diversity studies in bread wheat. Bioscan. 8: 1. 143-147.
24.Kumar, J., Kumar, A., Kumar, M., Singh, S., Singh, L., and Singh, G. 2017. Heterosis and inbreeding depression in relation to hterotic parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late sown condition. J. Wheat Res. 9: 1. 32-41.
25.Longin C.F.H., Mühleisen J., Maurer H.P., Zhang H., Gowda M., and Reif J.C. 2012. Hybrid breeding in autogamous cereals. Theor. Appl. Genet. 125: 6. 1087-1096.
26.Malik, A.J., Sheedi, S.M., and Rajpur, M.M. 1981. Heterosis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat Inf. Ser. 53: 25-29.
27.Memon, S.M., Ansari, B.A., and Balouch, M.Z. 2005. Estimation of genetic variation for agroeconomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J. Plant Sci. 4: 171-175.
28.Nizamani, M.M., Nizamani, F.G., Rind, R.A., Khokhar, A.A., Mehmood, A., and Nizamani, M. 2020. Heritability and genetic variability estimates in F3 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pure Appl. Boil. 9: 1. 352-368.
29.Ray, D.K., Mueller, N.D., West, P.C., and Foley, J.A. 2013. Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050. PloS One. 8: e66428.
30.Ray, D.K., Ramankutty, N., Mueller, N.D., West, P.C., and Foley, J.A. 2012. Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation. Nat. Commun. 3: 1293-1299.
32.Sharaan, A.N., Gallab, K.H., and Eid, M.A.S.M. 2017. Estimation of genetic parameters for yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under pedigree selection. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res. 10: 2. 22-30.
33.Shewry, P.R. 2009. Wheat. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 6. 1537-1553.
34.Shull, G.H. 1948. What is" heterosis"? Genet. 33: 5. 439-446.
35.Slaferm, G., and Whitechurch, E.M. 2001. Manipulating wheat development to improve adaptation. In: M.P. Reynolds, J.I. Ortiz-Monasterio and A. McNab (eds), Application of physiology in wheat breeding. Mexico: CIMMYT. Pp: 160-170.
36.Uddin, M., Ellison, F., O'brien, L., and Latter, B. 1992. Heterosis in F1 hybrids derived from crosses of adapted Australian wheats. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 43: 5. 907-919.
37.Yao, J., Ma, H., Ren, L., Zhang, P., Yang, X., Yao, G., Zhang, P., and Zhou, M. 2011. Genetic analysis of plant height and its components in diallel crosses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5: 11. 1408-1418.
)