تجزیه پایداری عملکرد دانه برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های برنج با روش‌های پارامتری و ناپارامتری تک‌متغیره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

2 هیات علمی بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، کارشناسی ارشد زراعت/ موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور- بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر

3 ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج تنکابن، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور-معاونت مازندران،سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تنکابن، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: برنج یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زراعی است و در ایران دومین محصول زراعی پس از گندم به‌شمار می‌رود. عملکرد دانه برنج به‌شدت تحت تأثیر محیط قرار می‌گیرد و به‌نژادگران اغلب پایداری ژنوتیپ‌های با عملکرد بالا را در محیط‌ها پیش از معرفی به‌عنوان یک رقم می‌سنجند. وفق‌پذیری‌ ژنوتیپ‌های برنج نسبت به شرایط محیطی برای سازگاری تولید محصول در سال‌ها و مکان‌های مختلف مهم است. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی لاین‌های برتر از نظر عملکرد دانه و پایداری عملکرد از بین نه لاین‌ برگزیده برنج از آزمایش مقدماتی عملکرد دانه است.
مواد و روش‌ها: تعداد نه لاین حاصل از تلاقی بین لاین‌های مؤسسه تحقیقات بین‌المللی برنج (IRRI) و ارقام اصلاح شده و بومی ایرانی و منتج از آزمایش مقدماتی عملکرد سال زراعی 88-1387، به‌همراه رقم شاهد شیرودی، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در سه منطقه تنکابن، آمل و گرگان طی سه سال زراعی 91-1388 ارزیابی شدند. تجزیه پایداری با واریانس محیطی (S2i)، ضریب تغییرات (CVi)، واریانس (2i) و واریانس انحراف (S2) شوکلا، اکووالانس ریک (Wi)، ضریب رگرسیون (bi)، ضریب تشخیص (R2)، تجزیه واریانس ابرهارت-راسل، آماره پایداری عملکرد(YSi) و روش‌های ناپارامتری (1)Si، ((2)Si، TOP و میانگین و انحراف معیار رتبه انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: تجزیه واریانس ساده عملکرد دانه گویای تفاوت‌های ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ‌ها بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌های آزمایش، پس از آزمون بارتلت و معنی‌‌دار نشدن آن و اطمینان از یکنواختی خطاهای آزمایشی، انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ژنوتیپ، سال، مکان و اثرات متقابل ژنوتیپ × سال، ژنوتیپ × مکان و ژنوتیپ × سال × مکان معنی‌دار شدند. مقایسه میانگین‌های 10 ژنوتیپ نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‌های 2، 5 و 4 از نظر عملکرد به‌ترتیب با 1/6528، 1/6495 و 1/6450 کیلوگرم در هکتار دانه در یک گروه قرار گرفتند و بیشترین عملکرد دانه را تولید کردند. همچنین تجزیه واریانس صفات زراعی گویای اثر معنی‌‌دار ژنوتیپ بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه، تعداد دانه خالی، تعداد دانه پر، طول خوشه و وزن هزار دانه بود. بر اساس روش‌های پارامتری پایداری، ژنوتیپ‌های 5، 3، 10 و 2 پایدار بودند. بر اساس شاخص عملکرد دانه و پایداری (YSi)، ژنوتیپ‌های 2، 3، 4، 5 و 10 دارای پایداری عملکرد دانه بالاتری بودند. همچنین بر اساس شاخص ناپارامتری TOP، ژنوتیپ‌های 4، 10، 1، 2 و 5 و بر اساس دو معیار و ، ژنوتیپ‌های 1 و 5 پایدارترین ژنوتیپ‌ها بودند. همبستگی بین شاخص‌ها نشان داد که استفاده از تعدادی از ‌آن‌ها چندان نیاز نیست و برخی از آنها که همبستگی بالایی با یکدیگر دارند، را می‌توان از تجزیه‌ها حذف کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، ژنوتیپ 5 [شماره 16 از (8948 A )3-2-153-64669IR ×(4سورینام×دیلمانی)] در تمام روش‌های پایداری و ژنوتیپ‌های 2،‌ 3، 4 و 1 در برخی دیگر از روش‌ها، پایدار بودند. از این‌رو، این ژنوتیپ به‌‌دلیل داشتن عملکرد دانه بیشتر نسبت به همه ژنوتیپ‌ها به جز ژنوتیپ 2، ارتفاع بوته کم، تعداد پنجه، دانه پر و وزن هزار دانه زیاد و همچنین داشتن بوته‌های یکنواخت‌تر و تیپ بهتر دانه‌ها می‌تواند به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر انتخاب و در آزمایش‌‌های به‌زراعی بررسی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Stability Analysis of Grain Yield of Some of Rice Genotypes by Parametric and Nonparametric Uni-variate Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Sharifi 1
  • Abdolrahman Erfani 2
  • Ali Mohaddesi 3
  • Abouzar Abbasian 3
  • Hashem Aminpanah 1
  • Mohammad Mohammad Yousefi 3
  • Mehran Saeedi 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
2 Academic Staff of Breeding and seeding department/Rice Research Institute
3 Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Rice research institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tonekabon, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Rice is one of the major global food crops, which is the second crop in Iran after wheat. Rice grain yield is strongly influenced by environments and breeders often determine the stability of high yield genotypes across environments before recommending a stable cultivar for release. Genotypial adaptability to environmental fluctuations is important for the stabilization of crop production over regions and years. The purpose of this study is the distinguishing the superior genotypes in terms of grain yield and yield stability in nine selected rice lines from preliminary yield test.
Materials and Methods: The nine selected lines obtained from crosses beteen IRRI lines and Iranian improved and landrace vareties and resulted from preliminary yield test of 2008-2009 cropping season, along with control cultivar Shiroudi, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in three regions including Tonekabon, Amol and Gorgan during three cropping seasons of 2009-2012. Stability analysis were performed with environmental variance (S2i), coefficient of variation (CVi), Shukla's variance (2i) and deviation variance (S2), Wrick equivalence (Wi), regression coefficient (bi), coefficient of determination (R2), Eberhart-Russell analysis of variance, yield sability index (YSi) and nonparametric methods, , , TOP and mean and standard deviation of rank.
Results: Simple analysis of variance showed genetic differences among genotypes. Combined analysis of variance was performed after Bartlett test and not significant of it and assurance of uniformity of experimental errors. The combined analysis of variance indicated the significant effects of genotype, year, location and interactions of genotype × year, genotype × location and genotype × year × location. Comparison of means of showed that genotypes 2, 5 and 4 were in the same group with 6565.1, 6495.1 and 6450.1 kg.ha-1, respectively and produced the highest grain yield. Analysis of variance indicated significant effect of genotype on plant height, tiller number, unfilled grain number, filled grain number, panicle length and 1000 grain weight. According to parametric stability G5, G3, G10 and G2 were stable genotypes. YSi indicated G2, G3, G4, G5 and G10 had the highest grain yield stability. Also, according to the TOP nonparametric index, genotypes 4, 10, 1, 2 and 5, and based on two criteria and , genotypes 1 and 5 were the most stable genotypes. Correlation between indices showed the use of a number of them is not very necessary and some of them that have a high correlation with each other can be removed from the analysis.
Conclusion: Overall, genotype 5 was stable in almost all stability methods and 2, 3, 4 and 1 in some of the methods. Therefore, Ggenotype 5 [Number 16 from IR64669-153-2-3 (A8948); (4Surinam × Deilamini)] due to its higher grain yield than all genotypes except genotype 2, low plant height, higher number of tillers, filled grain and 1000-grain weight, as well as more uniform plants and better grain types, can be selected as the superior genotypes and evaluated in field trials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice
  • Stress
  • Adaptability
  • Yield
  • Quality

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 13، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 85-106

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