ارزیابی حاصل‌خیزی اراضی برای کشت ذرت با استفاده از GIS، منطق فازی و ANP (مطالعه موردی: چهار حوضه استان گلستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان و هیأت علمی گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان و گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم در تولید عملکرد بالای گیاهان وجود عناصر غذایی خاک می‌باشد. لذا بررسی دقیق میزان عناصر قابل دسترس از جمله عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف در خاک برای تولید محصول مهمی مثل ذرت ضروری می‌باشد. به‌همین منظور تهیه نقشه حاصل‌خیزی خاک چهار حوضه کشاورزی استان گلستان به کمک سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، منطق فازی و تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) برای کشت گیاه ذرت مورد پژوهش قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در چهار حوضه قره‌سو، قرن‌آباد، محمد‌آباد و زرین‌گل استان‌ گلستان انجام شد. جهت تهیه لایه‌های رستری عناصر خاک شامل پتاسیم و فسفر قابل دسترس، نیتروژن کل، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، روی، مس و منگنز قابل جذب خاک از اطلاعات 85۸ نقطه نمونه‌برداری شده خاک استفاده شد. ابتدا لایه رستری هر عنصر به ‌کمک روش کریجینگ معمولی در محیط10.4 ArcGIS در محدوده اراضی زراعی منطقه مورد مطالعه تهیه شد. سپس به کمک توابع فازی نقشه هر عنصر استانداردسازی فازی شد و نقشه‌های مربوط به هر عنصر با استفاده از ANP وزن‌دار شده و با روی هم‌گذاری لایه‌ها، نقشه حاصل‌خیزی خاک تهیه شد. به‌منظور انطباق لایه‌های تولید شده با نیاز تغذیه‌‌ای گیاه ذرت، نیازهای تغذیه‌‌ای این گیاه با استفاده از منابع علمی تعیین گردید. در پایان لایه نهایی به پنج طبقه حاصل‌خیزی خیلی زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و خیلی کم تقسیم شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد ارزش فازی اراضی زراعی محدوده مورد مطالعه بین ۰/۳۰ تا ۰/۷۸ بود. ۱۱۹۷۷۱/۴۷ هکتار معادل ۵۹/۸۷ درصد منطقه مورد مطالعه دارای حاصل‌خیزی متوسط که بیشتر در قسمت میانی منطقه مورد مطالعه واقع شد و ۸۰۲۱۲/۶۵ هکتار معادل ۴۰/۰۹ درصد دارای حاصل‌خیزی کم که بیشتر در قسمت شمالی و جنوبی قرار داشت. ۸۴/۲۴ هکتار معادل ۰/۰۴ درصد دارای حاصل‌خیزی زیاد بود و دو طبقه حاصل‌خیزی خیلی‌کم و حاصل‌خیزی خیلی‌زیاد فاقد سهم از منطقه مورد مطالعه بودند. در بین حوضه‌ها؛ حوضه زرین‌گل دارای بالاترین حاصل‌خیزی و حوضه محمدآباد دارای پایین‌ترین حاصل‌خیزی بودند. میانگین ارزش فازی نشان داد عناصر منگنز و پتاسیم به‌ترتیب دارای بیشترین ارزش و عناصر کلسیم و روی به‌ترتیب دارای کمترین ارزش فازی بودند. عناصر پتاسیم و فسفر قابل دسترس، نیتروژن کل، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، روی، مس و منگنز قابل جذب باعث کاهش ارزش حاصل‌خیزی مساحت اراضی مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب به‌میزان ۶۹/۳۸، ۷۶/۰۲، ۹۶/۹۸، ۹۴/۶۸، ۴۷/۸۱، ۴۹/۱۰، ۹۶/۹۸، ۶۹/۵۷ و ۳۰/۲۸ درصد شدند.
نتیجه: نتایج حاصل از پهنه‌بندی حاصل‌خیزی چهار حوضه مورد مطالعه به کمک منطق فازی و ANP برای کشت ذرت نشان داد تقریباً کل محدوده مورد مطالعه (به‌جزء ۸۴/۲۴ هکتار) از نظر حاصل‌خیزی با مشکل روبرو بود. حوضه زرین‌گل حاصل‌خیزترین حوضه برای کشت ذرت بود و حوضه‌های قره‌سو، قرن‌آباد و محمدآباد به‌ترتیب در رتبه‌های بعدی حاصل‌خیزی قرار گرفتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fertility evaluation of land for maize cultivation using GIS, fuzzy logic and ANP (Case study: four basins of Golestan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein pourhadian 1
  • Behnam Kamkar 2
  • afshin soltani 3
  • hassaan mokhtarpour 4
1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy Engineering, University of Payam-e- Noor, Iran
2
3 Prof., Gorgan Uinivesiy of Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Assoeiated Prof., Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Research Centre of Golestan province, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objective: One of the most important factors in the production of high yield of plants is the presence of soil nutrient elements. Therefore, the accurate study of the amount of available elements such as macronutrients and micronutrients in soil is essential for the production of important products such as maize. For this purpose, preparing the soil fertility map of four basins agricultural in Golestan province was examined by Geographical Information System (GIS), Fuzzy logic and Analytic Network Process (ANP) for maize cultivation.
Materials and methods: This research was carried out in four basins of Qaresoo, Qarnabad, Mohammadabad and Zaringol in Golestan province. The information of 858 sampled points were used for the preparation of soil elements layers including K and P available, total N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn available of the soil. First, the raster layer of each element was prepared in ArcGIS10.4 media by ordinary Kriging method in the agricultural lands of the study area. Then, with the help of fuzzy functions, each fuzzy standardization element map was prepared, the maps for each element were weighed using ANP and the soil fertility map was prepared by the layers' overlay the soil fertility map was prepared. In order to adapt the layers produced with the nutritional needs of maize, nutritional requirements of this plant were determined using the scientific resources. Finally, the final layer was divided into five categories of very high fertility, high, moderate, low and very low.
Results: The results showed, the fuzzy value of the agricultural land in the study area was between 0.30 and 0.78. 119771.47 ha, equivalent to 59.87% of the studied area, had a moderate fertility that was more in the middle part of the study area and 80212.65 ha, equivalent to 40.9% had low fertility that was more in the north and south. 84.24 ha, equivalent to 0.04 percent had high fertility and two categories of very low fertility and very high fertility had no share of the study area. Among the basins, Zaringol basin had the highest fertility and the Mohammadabad basin had the lowest fertility. The mean fuzzy value showed, the elements of Mn and K had the highest fuzzy value and the elements of Ca and Zn had the lowest fuzzy value, respectively. The elements of K, P, N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn reduced the fertility value of the studied lands' area 69.38, 76.02, 96.98, 94.68, 47.81, 49.10, 96.98, 69.57 and 30.28%, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the fertility zoning of the four studied basins with the help of fuzzy logic and ANP for maize cultivation showed, almost the entire study area (with the exception of 84.24 ha) faced with problems in terms of fertility. Zaringol basin was the most fertile basin for corn cultivation and Qaresoo, Qarnabad and Mohammadabad basins were in the next rank of fertility, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • Fertility
  • Fuzzy logic
  • GIS
  • ANP
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