تأثیر شدت و زمان حذف برگ بر صفات کمی و کیفی سویا (Glycine max L.) تحت شرایط مصرف آمینواسید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت و باغبانی، مرکز آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان و سازمان تحقیق، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر زمان و شدت حذف برگ تحت شرایط مصرف آمینواسید، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شهرستان علی‌آباد کتول استان گلستان در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل شدت حذف برگ سویا در سه سطح صفر، 50 و 100 درصد، عامل دوم شامل زمان حذف برگ در پنج سطح (V1، V3، V5، V7 و R1) و عامل سوم مصرف و عدم مصرف آمینواسید بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر آمینواسید، زمان و شدت حذف برگ و همچنین اثر متقابل زمان حذف برگ در شدت حذف برگ بر عملکرد روغن معنی‌دار به دست آمد. کاربرد آمینواسید منجر به افزایش 98/10 درصدی عملکرد روغن در مقایسه با تیمار عدم کاربرد گردید. بیشترین عملکرد روغن در حذف 50 درصد برگ در مرحله V1 با میانگین 5/867 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش 5/10 درصدی داشت. در مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل زمان و شدت حذف برگ، بیشترین عملکرد پروتئین دانه در حذف 50 درصد برگ در مرحله V5 با میانگین 7/1296 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش 03/17 درصد داشت. حذف 100 درصد برگ منجر به ایجاد پایین‌ترین وزن 100 دانه شد و عدم حذف برگ و همچنین حذف 50 درصد برگ دارای بالاترین میانگین این صفت بودند. کاربرد آمینواسید باعث افزایش 24/12 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آن شد. در اثر متقابل زمان در شدت حذف برگ بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به تیمار حذف 50 درصد برگ در مراحل V1 و V5 به ترتیب با میانگین 9/3681 و 3/3696 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب افزایش 46/2 و 84/2 درصدی داشتند. به‌طور کلی حذف برگ در مراحل انتهایی رشد (به‌خصوص رشد زایشی) با شدت 100 درصد موجب کاهش صفات کمی (عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد) و صفات کیفی (محتوی روغن و پروتئین دانه) گردید. از طرف دیگر کاربرد آمینواسید، با افزایش میانگین صفات اندازه‌گیری شده موجب تعدیل اثر تنش برگ‌زدایی شد.کاربرد آمینواسید باعث افزایش 24/12 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آن شد. در اثر متقابل زمان در شدت حذف برگ بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به تیمار حذف 50 درصد برگ در مراحل V1 و V5 به ترتیب با میانگین 9/3681 و 3/3696 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب افزایش 46/2 و 84/2 درصدی داشتند. به‌طور کلی حذف برگ در مراحل انتهایی رشد (به‌خصوص رشد زایشی) با شدت 100 درصد موجب کاهش صفات کمی (عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد) و صفات کیفی (محتوی روغن و پروتئین دانه) گردید. از طرف دیگر کاربرد آمینواسید، با افزایش میانگین صفات اندازه‌گیری شده موجب تعدیل اثر تنش برگ‌زدایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of time and intensity of defoliation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under the consumption of amino acids condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohamad reza dadashi 1
  • hamid najafi kanbeh bin 1
  • abolfazl faraji 2
  • afshin soltani 3
1 Agriculture Department, Gogran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
2 2 Professor, Horticulture and Agronomy Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
3 Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect time and intensity of defoliation under use of amino acid condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Ali Abad Katoul, Golestan Province during growing season 2016-17. The first factor included the intensity of defoliation at three levels of 0, 50 and 100%, the second factor included the time of defoliation in five levels (V1, V3, V5, V7, and R1), and the third factor was the application and non-application of amino acids. The results showed that the effect of amino acids, the time and intensity of defoliation, and the interaction between times in intensity of defoliation were significant on oil yield. Application of amino acid resulted in an increase of 98.9% of oil yield compared to the non-application treatment. The highest oil yield was observed in the defoliation of 50% leaf in V1 stage with a mean of 867.5 kg/ha, which was 10.5% higher than to the control treatment. Comparing the mean interactions effects of times in intensity of defoliation, the highest grain protein yield was observed in defoliation of 50% leaf in V5 stage with 1296.17 kg/ha, which increased 17.33% compared to the control treatment. Defoliation of 100% of leaves resulted in the lowest weight of 100 seeds, and the absence of leaf defoliation and the defoliation of 50% of the leaf had the highest mean of this trait. Application of amino acids increased 12.28% of grain yield compared to the non-application. In the interaction of the times in intensity of defoliation, the highest grain yield associated with 50% defoliation of leaf in stages V1 and V5 were 3681.9 and 3696.3 kg/ha respectively, which was 2.46 and 2.84% higher than to the control treatment, respectively. In general, leaf defoliation in late stages of growth (especially reproductive growth) with 100% intensity was reduced the quantitative traits (yield and yield components) and qualitative traits (oil and protein content of grain). On the other hand, the application of amino acids, by increasing the mean of measured traits, moderated the effect of defoliation stress.Defoliation of 100% of leaves resulted in the lowest weight of 100 seeds, and the absence of leaf defoliation and the defoliation of 50% of the leaf had the highest mean of this trait. Application of amino acids increased 12.28% of grain yield compared to the non-application. In the interaction of the times in intensity of defoliation, the highest grain yield associated with 50% defoliation of leaf in stages V1 and V5 were 3681.9 and 3696.3 kg/ha respectively, which was 2.46 and 2.84% higher than to the control treatment, respectively. On the other hand, the application of amino acids, by increasing the mean of measured traits, moderated the effect of defoliation stress.Defoliation of 100% of leaves resulted in the lowest weight of 100 seeds, and the absence of leaf defoliation and the defoliation of 50% of the leaf had the highest mean of this trait. Application of amino acids increased 12.28% of grain yield compared to the non-application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pod
  • Seed oil
  • Seed protein
  • Seed yield
  • Source and sink relations

مراجع

  1. Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.R., El-Bassioouny, A.M., Ghoname, A., and Abou-Hossein, S.D. Foliar application of amino acid and micro nureiants enhances the performance of green bean group under newly reclaimed land conditions. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 5: 6. 51-55.
  2. Abdi, S., Moghaddam, A., and Ghadimzadeh, M. 2007. Effect of defoliation intensity in the different reproductive stage of two sunflowers (Helianthus annus) cultivars on grain and oil yield. J Sci Technol Agric Nat Res. 11: 40. 245-255. (In Persian)
  3. Afarinesh, A. 2005. Study of defoliation of intensity and time on grain corn yield in Khuzestan conditions. IR J Crop Sci. 7: 4. 337-345. (In Persian)
  4. Amini, Z., Parsa, M., Nasiri Mahalati, M., and Banaiyan Aval, M. 2017. Effect of leaf removal on yield and yield components of chickpea under different levels of nitrogen and irrigation regimes. IR Cereals Res. 8: 1. 9-21. (In Persian)
  5. Anjum, N.A., Gill, S.S., and Gill, R. 2014. Plant Adaptation to Environmental Change: Significance of Amino Acids and their Derivatives. Published by CABI, Oxfordshire, UK. 177p
  6. Arduini, I., Masoni, A., Ercoli, L., and Mariotti, M. Grain yield and dry matter and nitrogen
    accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. Eur J Agron. 25: 4. 309-318.
  7. Ashley, R.O., Eriksmoen, E.D., Whitney, M.B., and Rettinger, B. 2002. Sunflower date of planting study in Western North Dakota. Annual Report, Dickinson Research Extension. 48p.
  8. Aslam, M., Travis, R.L., and Rains, D.W. Differential effect of amino acids on nitrate uptake and reduction systems in barley roots. Plant Sci. 160: 2. 219-228.
  9. Board, J.E. 2004. Soybean cultivar differences light interception and leaf area index during
    seed filling. Agron J. 96: 1. 305-310.
  10. Burton, J.W., Israel, D.W., Wilson, R.F., and Carter, T.E. 1995. Effects of defoliation on seed protein concentration in normal and high protein lines of soybean. Plant and Soil. 172: 1. 131-139.
  11. Burton, J.W. 1989. Breeding soybeans for increased seed protein percentage. In World Soybean Research Conference IV: Proceedings. VolII. Ed. A J Pascal. Pp: 1079-1085. Orientaci 6n Grafica Editora S R L, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  12. Carcova, J., Andrieu, B., and Otegui, M.E. Silk elongation in maize: relationship with flower development and pollination. Crop Sci. 43: 3. 914-920.
  13. Cerdana, M., Sanchez, A., Oliver, M., Jurez, M., and Sanchez-Andreu, J.J. 2009. Effect of foliar and root applications of amino acids on iron uptake by tomato plants. Acta 830: 68. 481-488.
  14. Demirtas, C., Yazgan, S., Candogan, B.N., Sincik, , Buyukcangaz, H., and Gksoy, A.T. 2010. Quality and yield response of soybean (Glycine maxL.) to drought stress in the sub-humid environment. Afr J Biotechnol. 9: 41. 6873-6881.
  15. Divsalar, M., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., and Hamidi, A. 2015. Effect of drought stress on protein, oil, and soybean fatty acid composition. Plant Ecophysiol. 27: 1. 44-55. (In Persian)
  16. Echarte, L., Andrade, F.H., Sadras, V.O., and Abbate, P. 2006. Kernel weight and its response to the source manipulations during grain filling in Argentinean maize hybrids released in different decades. Field Crops 96: 2. 307-312.
  17. Ehsani, A., Dadnia, M.R., and Bohrani, A. 2012. Effect of planting date and source and reservoir constraints on grain yield and yield components of rapeseed in Ramhormoz. Pp: 2750-2761. Nonprofit Defense Conference in Agriculture. Qeshm Island (In Persian).
  18. El-Naggar, A., El-Araby, N.A., and Høgh-Jensen, H. 2009. Simultaneous uptake of multiple amino acids by wheat. J Plant Nutr. 32: 5. 725-740.
  19. Emam, Y., Maghsoudi, K., and Bahrani, H. 2012. Effect of defoliation on assimilates partitioning in maize (Zea mays) hybrid SC704. J Agric Sci Tech. 10: 1. 13-21.
  20. Erbas, S., and Baydar, H. 2007. Defoliation effects on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed yield and oil quality. Turk J Biol. 31: 2. 115-118.
  21. Fanaei, H., Kakha, G., Davatlab, N., and Sarananie, F. 2014. Evaluation of seed yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus) genotypes in response to delay planting. Agron J. (Pajohesh and Sazandegi). 28: 108. 65-73. (In Persian)
  22. Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A., and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield, and characteristics of Squash. Res J agric biol sci. 6: 3. 583-588.
  23. Gawronaka, H. 2008. Biostimulators in modern agriculture (general aspects). Arysta Life Science. Published by the editorial House Wies Jutra, Limited. Warsaw. 7: 25. 89 p.
  24. Hasani, A., Amiri, M.R. 2015. Effect of amino acids solubility on nitrogen fertilizer yield, barley grain yield, and Agric J. 29: 3. 76-86. (In Persian)
  25. Hassanpanah, D., Gurbanov, E., Gadimov, A., and Shahriari, R. 2008. Shortening transplantation periods of potato plantlets by use of potassium humate and kadostim and their effects on mini-tuber productions. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 11: 10. 1370-1374.
  26. Jadidi, T., Hejam, S., Kamali, Q., Fotohi, K., and Abdolahiyan Noghabi, M. 2009. The effect of leaf strain removal in different stages of growth on root yield and sugar beet quality. IR J Agric Sci. 12: 3. 252-264. (In Persian)
  27. Jamshidi, E., Agha Alikhani, M., and Ghalavand. A. 2009. Effect of defoliation intensity at different reproductive stages on seed and oil yields in sunflower (Helianthus annus). IR J Crop Sci. 10: 4. 349-361.
  28. Khan, N.A., Khan, M., and Ansari, H.R. 2002. Auxin and defoliation effects on photosynthesis and ethylene evolution in mustard. Sci Hort. 96: 1-4. 43-51.
  29. Lauer, G.J., Roth, G.W., and Bertram, M.G. 2004. Impact of defoliation on corn forage yield. Agron J. 96: 5.1459-1463.
  30. Liu, C.W., Sung, Y., Chen, B., and Lai, H. 2014. Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nitrate content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11: 4. 4427-4440.
  31. Liu, X.Q., Ko, K.Y., Kim, S.H., and Lee, K.S. 2008. Effect of amino acid fertilization on nitrate assimilation of leafy radish and soil chemical properties in high nitrate soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 39: 1. 269-281.
  32. Mangen, T.F., Thomison, P.R., and Strachan, S.D. 2005. Early season defoliation effects on to pcross high oil corn production. Agron J. 97: 3. 823-831.
  33. Mehraein, S., Maghsodi, K., and Emam, Y. 2012. Effect of removal of high and low leaves on grain yield and yield components of hybrid 704. IR J. Crop Sci. 15: 2. 152-165. (In Persian)
  34. Memari, M., Faraji, A., Arabi, Z., and Mosnei, H. 2015. Effect of source constraints on physiological traits, yield and yield components of rapeseed under wet weather conditions. J Crop Physiol. 30: 8. 53-67. (In Persian)
  35. Mirzaei, M., Dashti, SH., Absalan, M., Siadat, A., and Fathi, Gh. 2010. Study the effect of planting dates on the yield, yield components and oil content of canola cultivars (Brassica napus) in Dehloran rejoin. Elect J Crop Prod. 3: 2. 159-176 (in Persian).
  36. Mobini, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., and Ghasemi, S. 2014. The effect of partial replacement of nitrate with arginine, histidine, and a mixture of amino acids extracted from blood powder on yield and nitrate accumulation in onion bulb. Sci. Hort. 176: 232-237
  37. Mohammadiyan, R. 2015. Effect of planting time and leaf removal severity on sugar beet root yield and quality. IR J Agric Sci. 18: 2. 88-103.(In Persian)
  38. Muro, J., Irigoyen, I., Militino, A.F., and Lamsfus, C. 2001. Defoliation effects on sunflower yield Agron J. 93: 3. 634-637.
  39. Poryusef Miyandoab, M., and Sharavan, N. 2014. The effect of soluble amino acids at different times on yield and yield components of corn. J Crop Physiol. 23: 6. 21-32. (In Persian)
  40. Praba, M.L., Cairns, J.E., Babu, R.C., and Lafitte, H.R . Identification of physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought tolerance in rice and wheat. J Agron Crop Sci. 195: 1. 30-46.
  41. Rostami Ajirlo, A.A., and Amiri, A. 2017. Soybean reaction to different levels of potassium nano-fertilizer under limit irrigated conditions in Moghan plain. Agric Crop. 20: 2. 503-516. (In Persian)
  42. Sadeghi, F., Kazemaini, S.A., and Emam, Y. 2014. Effect of origin and destination manipulation on photosynthetic rate and sunflower seed yield. Oil Prod. 2: 1. 85-97. (In Persian)
  43. Saeidi, M., and Ajand, M. 2014. The effect of photosynthetic and photosynthetic sources and post-pollination stress on grain yield and gas exchange of different barley varieties. Agric 16: 4. 839-856. (In Persian)
  44. Seiosemarde, A., Ranjbar, H., Sohrabi, Y., Bahramnejad, B. 2011. Effect of drought stress and source and reservoir restrictions on gas exchanges and sunflower performance. J IR Crop Sci. 42: 3. 585-596. (In Persian)
  45. Seyyed Sharifi, R. 2014. The Effect of zinc application and biological fertilizers on seed, performance, and some soybean growth characteristics. Crops Improv. 17: 1. 109-130. (In Persian)
  46. Thomas, H., and Sadras, V.O. 2001. The capture and gratuitous disposal of the resource by plants. Funct Ecol. 15: 1. 3-12.
  47. Thomas, J., Mandal, A., Raj Kumar, R., and Chordia, A. 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of tea (Camellia). Int J Agric Res. 4: 7. 228 -236.
  48. Tosi, P., Tajbksh, M., and Esfehani, M. 2014. The effect of spraying products containing asyamine and organic fertilizers on the amount of protein and photosynthesis of soy at different times. Res Crop Ecosyst. 1: 3. 1-12. (In Persian)
  49. Tsialtas, J.T., Soulioti, E., Mslaris, N., and Papakosta, D.K. 2011. Effect of defoliation on leaf physiology of sugar beet cultivars subjected to water stress and re-watering. Int J Plant Prod. 5: 3. 207-220.
  50. Wu, X., Zhu, W., Zhang, H., Ding, H., and Zhang, H.J. 2011. Exogenous nitric oxide protects against salt-induced oxidative stress in the leaves from two genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Acta Physiol Plant. 33: 4. 1199-1209.
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 13، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 17-36

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار