تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف کاربرد برگی هیومیک اسید در مراحل نموی بر ویژگی‌های ریخت شناسی و عملکرد تریتیکاله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته اگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهیی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان ملاثانی اهواز خوزستان

4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه تریتیکاله به عنوان یک غله تجاری با پتانسیل بالا برای تغذیه انسان و دام مطرح است. با توجه به این که تریتیکاله تحمل خوبی نسبت به وضعیت نامناسب محیطی نشان میدهد، جایگزین خوبی برای گندم نان در وضعیت محیطی نامناسب و کمبازده است.کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی در کشت وکار غلات باعث تخریب بوم سامانه‌های زراعی و ایجادآلودگی‌های زیست محیطی می‌شود. یکی از رویکرد‌های رفع این مشکل استفاده از اصول کشاورزی پایدار در این بوم نظام‌ها است. از جمله این راهکارها می‌توان به استفاده از کودهای آلی نظیر اسید هیومیک اشاره کرد. یکی از عوامل مهم در اثربخشی بیشتر کود، کاربرد غلظت و زمان مناسب مصرف آن است. از اینرو تعیین مناسب‌ترین غلظت و زمان کاربرد برگی اسید هیومیک در کشت و کار تریتیکاله دارای اهمیت می‌باشد. این آزمایش با هدف تعیین بهترین غلظت و زمان محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک برای افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی تریتیکاله در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها:آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان در سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل زمان محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح به عنوان عامل اصلی (پنجهزنی، ساقه رفتن، ظهور برگ پرچم، گرده افشانی) و غلظت در چهارسطح به عنوان عامل فرعی (صفر، 200، 400 و 600 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود.صفات مورد ارزیابی در این آزمایش شامل خصوصیات ظاهری، عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد، درصد پروتئین دانه و عملکرد پروتئین بود.
یافته‌ها: اثر زمان محلول‌پاشی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله و عملکرد زیستتوده معنی‌دار شد و بیشترین ارتفاع بوته بامیانگین 3/124 سانتی‌متراز کاربرد اسید هیومیک درمرحله ساقه رفتن و بیشترین عملکرد زیستی) 3/17438 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مرحله برگ پرچم با تفاوت معنی‌دار با شاهد به‌دست آمد. اثر غلظت بر تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد زیستی معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثر متقابل زمان و غلظت محلول‌پاشی بر طول پدانکل، طول سنبله، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (6796کیلوگرم در هکتار) از محلول‌پاشی 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک در مرحله ظهور برگ پرچم به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نقش مثبت اسید هیومیک در بهبود رشد و عملکرد این گیاه در پژوهش حاضر و نیز هزینه کم کاربرد آن در سطح وسیع، محلول‌پاشی آن در زراعت تریتیکاله توصیه می‌شود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، برای بدست آوردن بیشترین عملکرد دانه در زراعت تریتیکاله کاربرد برگی 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک در مرحله برگ پرچم پیشنهاد ‌می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different concentration of humic acid foliar application in development stages on morphological characteristics and yield of Triticale

نویسندگان [English]

  • laleh parvin 1
  • mohammad hossein gharineh 2
  • aydin khodaei joghan 3
  • ali moshatati 4
1 -
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Khuzestan
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Faculty of Agriculture , Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of khouzestan
4 Plant Production Genetics and Plant Genetics, University of Agricultural Sciences and Resources khouzestan
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Nowadays, triticale is considered as a high potential commercial crop in order to feed human and livestock. Regarding the fact that triticale is tolerant to inappropriate environmental conditions, it is an acceptable alternative for common wheat cultivation in inappropriate and low-fertile environments. Application of chemical fertilizers in cereal cultivation can lead to destruction of agro-ecosystems and cause environmental pollution.One of approach to solve this problem is use of sustainable agriculture principles in agroecosystems. One of these strategies is application of organic fertilizers such as humicacid. One of the important factors in the effectiveness of fertilizer is the application of concentration and time of consumption.Therefore, determination of the most suitable concentration and time of application of Humic Acid leaves in triticale is important. This experiment was conducted with the aim of determining the best concentration and time of foliar application of humic acids in order to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of triticale in Khuzestan.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted at Research field of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University of khuzestan during 2017-2018. Experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications.Treatments included time of spraying at four levels as main plot (tillering, Stemelongation, flag leaf, pollination) and concentration at four levels as sub plots (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg.lit-1). Traits included morphological characteristics, grain yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics were assessed in this experiment.
Results: Results showed that the effect of spraying timewere significant on plant height, number of grain per spike and biological yield.The highest plant height (124.3 cm) was obtained from application of humic acid in stem elongation development stage and the highest biological yield (17438.33 kg.ha-1) wasgained from spraying of humic acid at flag leaf stage. Also, the interaction of time and concentrationwere significant on peduncle length, spike length, grain yield and harvest index. Highest grain yield (6796 kg.ha-1) was obtained from200 mg.lit-1 of Humic Acid application in flag leaf stage.
Conclusion: According to the results of this experiment, foliar application of 200 mg.lit-1 humic acid in the flag leaf stage is recommended to gain maximum grain yield in triticale cultivation.
Materials and methods: the experiment was conducted at Research field of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University of khuzestan during 2017-2018. Experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included time of spraying at four levels as main plot (tillering, Stem elongation, flag leaf, pollination) and concentration at four levels as sub plots (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg.lit-1). Traits included morphological characteristics, grain yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics were assessed in this experiment.
Results: Results showed that the effect of spraying time were significant on plant height, number of grain per spike and biological yield. The highest plant height (124/3 cm) was obtained from application of humic acid in stem elongation development stage and the highest biological yield (17438.33 kg.ha-1) was gained from spraying of humic acid at flag leaf stage. Also, the interaction of time and concentration were significant on peduncle length, spike length, grain yield and harvest index. Highest grain yield (6796 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 200 mg.lit-1 of Humic Acid application in flag leaf stage.
Conclusion: Eventually, the findings of this study showed that application of organic fertilizer such as humic acid in triticale cultivation not only improve grain yield and crop quality but also reduces consumption of chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems. According to the results of this experiment, the use of 200 mg.lit-1 of humic acid in the flag leaf stage in triticale crops is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Organic Fertilizer
  • Foliar application
  • Grain yield
  1. Antoun, L., Sahar, W., Zakaria, M., and Rafla. H. 2010. Influence of compost, n-mineral and humic acid on yield and chmical composition of Wheat plants. J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng. l: 11. 1131-1143.
  2. Armin, M., and Moslehi, J. 2012. yield and yield components response of chickpea to time and different levels of humic acid foliar application. Agroecol. J. 8: 4. 1-9. (In Persian)
  3. Asal, M., Elham, W., Badr, A., Ibrahim, O.M., and Ghalab E.G. 2013. Can humic acid applied mineral fertilizers? A study on two wheat cultivars grown under calcareous soil conditions Int. J. Chemtech Res. 8: 9. 20-26.
  4. Astaraei, A.R., and Ivani, R. 2008. Effect of organic sources as foliar spray and root media on nutrition if cowpea plant. AEJAES. 3: 3. 352-356.
  5. Beiranvand, H., and Khourgamy, A. 2018. Effect of Humic acid Foliar Application on Quality and quantitive Yield and Agronomic Characteristics of Wheat Plant (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Beiranshahr Region (Lorestan). Res. Agric. 10: 3. 79-96.
  6. Bremner, J.M. 1996. Nitrogen-Total. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke., P.A., Looppert, R.H. and Summer, M.E. (eds). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-chemical methods. Soil science society American Inc. book series, No. 5, Madison, W I, USA. Pp: 1058-1121.
  7. Deliri, M.S., Rudgarnejad, S., Mousavi Mirkallai, A.A., and Neshaei Moghaddam, M. 2018. Effect of humic acid foliarization on some morphological and physiological traits of bean (Vicia faba). J. Iran. Plant. Ecophysiol. Res. 13: 49. 33-44. (In Persian)
  8. EneJi, A.E., An, R., Islam, P., and Amalu, U.C. 2013. Nitrate retention and physiological adjustment of maize to soil amendment with superabsorbent polymers. J. Clean. Prod. 18: 1-7.
  9. Ghasemi, E., Tuklo, M.R., and Zabihi, H.R. 2012. Effect of nitrogen, potassium, and humic acid on vegetative growth, nitrogen and potassium uptake of potato minitubre in greenhouse conditions. Iran. J. Agron. Plant Breed. 8: 1. 39-56. (In Persian)
  10. Ghorbani, S., Khazaei, H.R., Banayan aval, M., and Sadeghishoa, M. 2013. Effect of spraying various levels of humic acid on yield, yield components and corn growth indices. J.Crop Prod. Res. 5: 4. 326-337. (in Persian)
  11. Ghoshchi, F. 2000. Triticale is the earliest manmade cereal grain. Carno Publishing. Islamic Azad University of Varamin Branch. 76p. (in Persian)
  12. Haji Boland, R., AsgharZadeh, N., and Mehrfar, Z. 2004. Ecological study of azotobacter in two pasture land of the north-west Iran and Its inoculation effect on growth and mineral nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Omid) plants. JWSS. 8: 2. 75-89. (In Persian).
  13. Karimi, E., and Tadayon, A. 2018 .Effect of humic acid spraying on yield and some morphological characteristic of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress conditions. Appl. Field Crops Res. 31: 1. 19-38.
  14. khatamian, N., Nabavi kalat, S.M., and Bakhsh kalarestaghi, K. 2011. The effect of humic acid on morphological characteristics and grain yield of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). First Conference on New Topics in agriculture, Islamic Azad University Saveh Branch, Iran.
  15. Katouk, Sh., Talkheh, Gh., Samieei, A., and Katouk, Sh. 2015. Nutrition guide of forage in dairy cows. aeeizh publications. 408p. (In Persian)
  16. Khajehpour, M.R. 2013. Cereals. Jehade Daneshgahi Press of Isfehan University of Technology., 176p. (In Persian) 
  17. Khaled, H., and Fawy, H. 2011. Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity. Soil Water Res. 6: 1. 21-29.
  18. Khan, A., Guramni, A.R., Khan, M.Z., Hussain, F., Akhtar, M.E., and Khan, S. 2012. Effect of humic acid on growth, yield, nutrient composition, photosynthetic pigment and total sugar contents of peas (Pisum sativum L).J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan. 6: 56-63.
  19. Kizilkaya, R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecol. Eng. 33: 2. 150-156.
  20. Mahmoudi Zuvik, R., Nasri, M., and Ovisi, M. 2015. Effects of humic acid sprying on yield and nutrients transition to Wheat grain in drought stress condition .Agron. Res. Semi Desert Reg ., 12: 2. 119-131. (In Persian)
  21. Majnun Hosseini, N. 2011. Cereal Production. University of Tehran Press. 120p. (In Persian)
  22. Manzoor, A., Khattak, R.A., and Dost, M. 2014. humic acid and micronutrient effects on wheat yield and nutrients uptake in salt affected soils. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 16: 5. 991-995.
  23. Moraditochaee, M. 2012. Effects of humic acid foliar spraying and nitrogen fertilizer management on yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Iran. ARPN. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 7: 4. 289-293.
  24. Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A., and Vianello, A. 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higherplants. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34: 11. 1527-1536.
  25. Ozoni Dojo, A., Isfahani, M., Sami Zadeh Lahiji, H., and Rabiei, M. 2008. Effect of planting pattern and plant density on growth indices and radiation use efficiency of apetalous and petalled flowers rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 9: 4. 382-400.
  26. Parvaz Shandy, S., Pazoki, A., Asgharzadeh, A., and Azadi, A. 2013. Effect of irrigation intervals, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on yield and yield components of wheat (Kavir cultivar). Agroecol. J. 9: 3. 9-16. (In Persian)
  27. Pazoki, A. 2016. Effects of humic acid and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRS) on Yield and Yield Components of durum Wheat under Drought Stress Condition in Shahr-e-Ray region.  Cereal Res. 6: 1. 105-117.
  28. Sabzevari, S., and Khazaee, H.R. 2009. The effect of foliar application with humic acid on growth, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Pishtaz cultivar. Agroecology. 1: 2. 53-63. (In Persian)
  29. Samavat, S., and Malakoti, M. 2005. The necessity of using organic acids to increase the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Tech. j., 463. Sana Press, Tehran. (In Persian).
  30. Sanchez, A., Sanchez-Andreu, J., Juarez, M., Jorda, J., and Bermúdez, D. 2002. Humic substances and amino acids improve effectiveness of chelate Feeddha in lemon trees. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 11. 2433-2442.
  31. Saruhan, V., Kusvuran, A., and Babat, S. 2011. The effect of different humic acid fertilization on yield and yield components performances of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Sci. Res. Essays. 6: 3. 663-669.
  32. Shabban, S.H.A., Manal, F.M., and Afifi, M.H.M. 2009. Humic acid foliar application to minimize soil applied fertilization of surface irrigated wheat .World J. Agric. Sci. 5: 2. 207-210.
  33. Shahbazi, Sh., Fateh, E., and Aynehband, A. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of humic acid and vermicompost on yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars in tropical regions. Plant Prod. 38: 2. 99-110. (In Persian).
  34. Sher, M., Anjum, A.S., Imran Kasana, M., and Randhawa, M.A. 2013. Impact of organic fertilizer, humic acid and weed extracton wheat production in pothother region of Pakistan. Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 50: 4. 677-681.
  35. Tadayon, A., and Beheshti, S. 2016. Effect of foliar applications of humic acid, iron and zinc on Some characteristics of negro (Guizotia abyssinica L.). J. Crop Ecophysiol. 10: 2. 283-296. (In Persian)
  36. Tajbakhsh, M., and Pourmirza, A.A. 2003. Ceral Grain Crops. Urmia Jihad-e Daneshgahi. 314p. (in Persian)
  37. Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., and Konzak, C.F. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res. 14: 415-421.