بررسی اثر تراکم بوته بر مراحل فنولوژیک، مرفولوژیکی وعملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ساری

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 دانشگاه ساری

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:افزایش جمعیت دنیا و بهبود استانداردهای زندگی یکی از موجبات افزایش تولید گیاه روغنی برای مصارف خوراکی می‌باشد. در این میان کلزا به علت دارا بودن صفات مثبت زراعی نظیر مقاومت به سرما و کم آبی، تحمل شوری و عملکرد بیشتر در واحد سطح نسبت به سایر دانه‌های روغنی مورد کشت در کشور برتری دارد. ازعوامل مؤثربرعملکردگیاهان،استفادهازارقاممناسبو سازگارباشرایطاقلیمیهرمنطقهدرتراکممناسب کاشتاست؛بهنحویکهحداقلرقابتتخریبیبین بوته‌هاوجودداشتهباشد. باتوجهبهاینکههرگیاهیابهبیانبهتر هررقمواکنشخاصیبهعواملمحیطینشان می‌دهدوهمچنینباعنایتبهظرفیتبالایگیاه کلزاجهتافزایشعملکرددرنتیجهتغییرعوامل محیطی،اینپژوهشباهدفتعیینمناسب‌ترین تراکمبوتهو رقمجهت بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکردکلزاانجامشد.
مواد و روش‌ها:به منظور بررسی تاثیر تراکم‌های متفاوت برعملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف کلزا،آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سال 97-1396 در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی قراخیل واقع در شهرستان قائمشهر اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل:پنج فاصله روی ردیف 3، 5/3، 5/4، 6 و 5/9 سانتی‌متر به ترتیب با تراکم‌های 33/133، 28/114، 88/88، 66/66 و 10/42 بوته در مترمربع و همچنین چهار رقم کلزا شامل:هایولا 401، آگامکس، هایولا 4815 و تراپر که در سه تکرار اجرا شد. کاشت به صورت خطی و با دست انجام گرفت. هر کرت آزمایشی دارای 4 خط کاشت به طول 3 متر و فاصله بین کرت‌ها 5/0 متر و بین بلوک 2 متر در نظر گرفته شد. عملیات آماده‌سازی زمین زراعی برای تهیه بستر بذر که شامل شخم، دیسک و ماله‌کشی می‌باشد،در ماه مهر انجام شد و کاشت بذور در 16 آبان ماه بعد از انجام کوددهی پایه صورت گرفت. در مرحله رسیدگی با در نظر گرفتن اثر حاشیه 3 بوته از هر کرت بطور تصادفی انتخاب و صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوتهو وزن هزار دانه اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SASانجام شده و برای رسم نمودارها از نرم‌افزارExcel استفاده گردید. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز از طریق آزمون LSDدر سطح 5 درصد انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها:نتایج بررسی‌های انجام شده نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب با میانگین 11150 و 2942 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم هایولا 401 با تراکم‌ 88/88 بوته در متر مربع بوده است. اثر اصلی تراکم و رقم بر شاخص برداشت، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد غلاف کل، تعداد دانه در غلاف و تعداد شاخه فرعی معنی‌دار بود. به گونه‌ای که تراکم88/88 بوته در متر مربعبیشتریندانه در غلاف (58/21)، وزن هزار دانه (24/4 گرم) و شاخص برداشت (16/59 درصد) را به خود اختصاص داد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه فرعی و غلاف در بوته مربوط به تراکم با تراکم‌ 66/66 بوته در متر مربع بوده است. در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی در این پژوهش به جز تعداد شاخه فرعی، رقم هایولا 401 عملکرد بهتری را نسبت به سایر ارقام از خود نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایجنشاندادکهتفاوتمعنی‌داریبینتراکم‌های کاشت وارقام مختلف، درموردهمهصفاتاندازه‌گیریشدهوجوددارد. نتایجاینپژوهشنشاندادکه رقم هایولا 401با تراکم‌ 88/88 بوته در متر مربع بهتریننتیجهراازنظرعملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه داشت. لذا با توجه به نتایج حاصله، رقم هایولا 401 و تراکم 88/88 بوته در متر مربع برای دستیابی به عملکرد بالا در کلزا قابلتوصیهمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the effect of plant density on phenological stages, morphological traits, yield and yield components of different cultivars of Rapeseed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahimeh Alizadeh 2
  • Benjamin Torabi 3
  • Rahmat Abbasi 4
1
2 Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Department of Agronomy, Gurgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4 Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Increasing the world's population and improving living standards is one of the reasons for increasing the production of oily crops for arable consumption. In this regard, rapeseed is superior to other oilseed crops in the country due to its positive traits such as resistant to cold weather and drought stress, salt tolerance and higher yield per unit area. The factors affecting the yield of plants are the use of suitable cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of each area in appropriate planting density, in such a way that there is at least a destructive competition between the plants. Regarding the fact that each plant, or, in a better way, indicates a specific reaction to environmental factors, and also due to the high capacity of rapeseed for improving the yield as a result of environmental factors, this study aimed to determine the most suitable plant density and variety for improving yield and yield components of rapeseed.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of different densities on yield and yield components of different rapeseed varieties, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in a research farm of Gharakhil Agricultural Research Center in Ghaemshahr in 2017-2018, The treatments consisted of five intervals on rows of 3, 3.5, 4.5, 6 and 9.5 cm, respectively, with densities of 66.67, 57.14, 44.44, 33.33 and 21.05 plant, respectively. Second factor for this experiment was included four canola cultivars: Hayola 401, Agamaks, Hayola 4815 and Terrap, which were performed in three replications.

Results: The results showed that the highest biological yield and seed yield (11150 and 2942 kg ha-1) were related to Hyola 401 cultivar with 44.44 plant m-2. The main effect of density and variety on harvest index, 1000 seed weight, number of pods, number of seeds per pod and number of branches were significant. The density of 44.44 plants per square meter was the highest in pod (21.58), 1000 grain weight (4.24 gr) and harvest index (59.16 percent). The results also showed that the highest number of branches and pods per plant was related to density with density 33.33 plant / m2. In all studied traits in this study, except for the number of branches, the Hyola 401 cultivar showed better performance than other cultivars.

Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant difference between plant densities and different cultivars for all measured traits. The results of this study showed that Hyola 401 cultivar with 44.44 plants m-2 had the best result in terms of biological yield and grain yield. Therefore, according to the results, Hyola 401 cultivar and 44.44 plants m-2are recommended for achieving high yield in rapeseed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivars
  • Density
  • morphological traits
  • Rapeseed
  • Yield
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