بررسی تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 استادیار، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

3 عضو هیات علمی/ دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مهم محدودکننده رشد گیاهان به‌شمار می‌رود. اسید سالیسیلیک یک ترکیب فنلی تولید شده توسط گیاه است که نقش مهمی در تنظیم فرایندهای مختلف گیاه دارد. تحقیقات نشان داده است که کاربرد خارجی اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند تحمل گیاه در برابر برخی تنش‌های غیرزنده از جمله تنش اسمزی، خشکی، شوری، ازن و اشعه ماورای بنفش را افزایش دهد. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش بررسی برهمکنش رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی و نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد دانه و تعیین مناسب‌ترین نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در گیاه سیاهدانه بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در زمستان و بهار سال 97-1396 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس اجرا شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: عدم آبیاری (دیم)، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و انجام دو بار آبیاری به‌‌ترتیب در زمان گلدهی و پر شدن دانه و عامل اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح شامل: عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد)، پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک (با غلظت 5/0 میلی‌مولار) و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک (به‌میزان 5/0 میلی‌مولار) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. پس از اعمال تیمارها صفاتی مختلف فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر کلیه صفات مورد ارزیابی به‌جز عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود. محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک موجب افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در تمام تیمارهای آبیاری گردید، در حالی‌ که تأثیر معنی‌داری بر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز نداشت. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل (32/26 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن‌تر)، محتوای آب نسبی برگ (44/72 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (1329 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط دو بار آبیاری حاصل شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک به‌ویژه به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی با فعال کردن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی، بهبود وضعیت رطوبتی گیاه و محتوای کلروفیل در نهایت منجر به بهبود رشد و عملکرد مطلوب تحت تیمارهای مختلف رطوبتی گردید. از این رو می‌توان کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک را به‌عنوان راه‌کاری مؤثر در جهت تعدیل و کاهش اثرات تنش و تولید عملکرد مناسب در مناطقی که در معرض کمبود رطوبت هستند، معرفی نمود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک به‌ویژه به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی با فعال کردن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی، بهبود وضعیت رطوبتی گیاه و محتوای کلروفیل در نهایت منجر به بهبود رشد و عملکرد مطلوب تحت تیمارهای مختلف رطوبتی گردید. از این رو می‌توان کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک را به‌عنوان راه‌کاری مؤثر در جهت تعدیل و کاهش اثرات تنش و تولید عملکرد مناسب در مناطقی که در معرض کمبود رطوبت هستند، معرفی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological traits and yield of Black cumin medicinal plant (Nigella sativa L.) under different humidity regimesconditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Azadvari 1
  • Masoumeh Naeemi 2
  • Abdolatif Gholizadeh 1
  • Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam 3
1 Gonbad Kavous University
2 Gonbad Kavous university
3 Gonbad Kavous Uneversity
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted based on randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of treatment and three replications at Gonbad Kavous university research field in 2018 growing season. Different irrigation regimes at four levels including no irrigation (rainfed), once irrigation at flowering stage, once irrigation at grain filling stage and double irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and salicylic acid factor at three levels including non- application (control), seed priming (with 0.5 mM concentration), foliar spraying (with 0.5 mM concentration) were studied. After applying of treatments, some traits including total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), leaf relative water content, leaf water saturated deficiency, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that interaction effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all evaluated traits were significant except for biological yield. Salicylic acid foliar spraying increased activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzymes in all irrigation treatments while not significantly affecting catalase enzyme activity. Means comparison revealed that the highest total chlorophyll content (26.2 mg/g FW), RWC (72.44%) and seed yield (1329 kg/ha) obtained from SA foliar spraying application and double irrigation treatment.
Conclusion: Results indicated that SA application especially foliar spraying activated antioxidant system and also improved plant moisture condition and chlorophyll content which finally resulted in enhanced growth and desirable yield under different humidity treatments. Therefore, application of SA can be introduced as an effective approach for regulation and decrease of stress effects and desirable yield production in areas subjected to water deficit.
Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • Black cumin
  • Grain yield
  • Salicylic acid
  • Water deficit
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