بررسی تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 استادیار، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

3 عضو هیات علمی/ دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مهم محدودکننده رشد گیاهان به‌شمار می‌رود. اسید سالیسیلیک یک ترکیب فنلی تولید شده توسط گیاه است که نقش مهمی در تنظیم فرایندهای مختلف گیاه دارد. تحقیقات نشان داده است که کاربرد خارجی اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند تحمل گیاه در برابر برخی تنش‌های غیرزنده از جمله تنش اسمزی، خشکی، شوری، ازن و اشعه ماورای بنفش را افزایش دهد. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش بررسی برهمکنش رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی و نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد دانه و تعیین مناسب‌ترین نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در گیاه سیاهدانه بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در زمستان و بهار سال 97-1396 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس اجرا شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: عدم آبیاری (دیم)، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و انجام دو بار آبیاری به‌‌ترتیب در زمان گلدهی و پر شدن دانه و عامل اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح شامل: عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد)، پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک (با غلظت 5/0 میلی‌مولار) و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک (به‌میزان 5/0 میلی‌مولار) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. پس از اعمال تیمارها صفاتی مختلف فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر کلیه صفات مورد ارزیابی به‌جز عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود. محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک موجب افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در تمام تیمارهای آبیاری گردید، در حالی‌ که تأثیر معنی‌داری بر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز نداشت. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل (32/26 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن‌تر)، محتوای آب نسبی برگ (44/72 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (1329 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط دو بار آبیاری حاصل شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک به‌ویژه به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی با فعال کردن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی، بهبود وضعیت رطوبتی گیاه و محتوای کلروفیل در نهایت منجر به بهبود رشد و عملکرد مطلوب تحت تیمارهای مختلف رطوبتی گردید. از این رو می‌توان کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک را به‌عنوان راه‌کاری مؤثر در جهت تعدیل و کاهش اثرات تنش و تولید عملکرد مناسب در مناطقی که در معرض کمبود رطوبت هستند، معرفی نمود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک به‌ویژه به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی با فعال کردن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی، بهبود وضعیت رطوبتی گیاه و محتوای کلروفیل در نهایت منجر به بهبود رشد و عملکرد مطلوب تحت تیمارهای مختلف رطوبتی گردید. از این رو می‌توان کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک را به‌عنوان راه‌کاری مؤثر در جهت تعدیل و کاهش اثرات تنش و تولید عملکرد مناسب در مناطقی که در معرض کمبود رطوبت هستند، معرفی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological traits and yield of Black cumin medicinal plant (Nigella sativa L.) under different humidity regimesconditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Azadvari 1
  • Masoumeh Naeemi 2
  • Abdolatif Gholizadeh 1
  • Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam 3
1 Gonbad Kavous University
2 Gonbad Kavous university
3 Gonbad Kavous Uneversity
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted based on randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of treatment and three replications at Gonbad Kavous university research field in 2018 growing season. Different irrigation regimes at four levels including no irrigation (rainfed), once irrigation at flowering stage, once irrigation at grain filling stage and double irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and salicylic acid factor at three levels including non- application (control), seed priming (with 0.5 mM concentration), foliar spraying (with 0.5 mM concentration) were studied. After applying of treatments, some traits including total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), leaf relative water content, leaf water saturated deficiency, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that interaction effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all evaluated traits were significant except for biological yield. Salicylic acid foliar spraying increased activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzymes in all irrigation treatments while not significantly affecting catalase enzyme activity. Means comparison revealed that the highest total chlorophyll content (26.2 mg/g FW), RWC (72.44%) and seed yield (1329 kg/ha) obtained from SA foliar spraying application and double irrigation treatment.
Conclusion: Results indicated that SA application especially foliar spraying activated antioxidant system and also improved plant moisture condition and chlorophyll content which finally resulted in enhanced growth and desirable yield under different humidity treatments. Therefore, application of SA can be introduced as an effective approach for regulation and decrease of stress effects and desirable yield production in areas subjected to water deficit.
Background and objectives: Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plants growth. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound playing an important regulatory role in plant different processes. Studies have indicated that external application of SA increased plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, salinity, ozone or UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of different humidity regimes and application methods of SA on some physiological and biochemical parameters, grain yield and determination of the most suitable application method of salicylic acid in black cumin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • Black cumin
  • Grain yield
  • Salicylic acid
  • Water deficit

مراجع

  1. Abdollahi, M., and Shekari, F. 2013. Effects of priming by salicylic acid on wheat yield at different sowing dates. Seed Res. 3: 1. 23-36. (In Persian)
  2. Aebi, H.E. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105: 121-126.
  3. Akbarinia, A., Khosravifard, M., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., and Babakhanlou, P. 2005. Effect of irrigation intervals on yield and agronomic characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Iran J. Medic. Aroma. Plant. 21: 1. 65-73. (In Persian)
  4. Amin, B., Mahleghah, G., Mahmood, H.M.R., and Hossein, M. 2009. Evaluation of interaction effect of drought stress with ascorbate and salicylic acid on some of physiological and biochemical parameters in okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.). Res. J. Biol. Sci. 4: 380-387.
  5. Apel, K., and Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Plant Biol. 55: 373-399.
  6. Arnon, D.T. 1949. Copper enzymes isolation chloroplasts phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiol. Rockville. 24: 1-24.  
  7. Bahari, A.A., Sokhtesaraei, R., Chaghazardi, H.R., Masoudi, F., and Nazari, H. 2015. Effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of salicylic acid on antioxidants enzymes activity in leaves of Thymus daenensis subsp. lancifolius. Agron. Res. Moldova. 17: 1. 57-67.
  8. Bideshki, A., and Arvin, M.J. 2010. Effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on growth, bulb yield and yield allicin content of garlic (Allium sativum) in field. Plant Ecophysiol. 2: 73-79.
  9. Chance, B., and Maehly, A. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods Enzymol. 2: 764-817.
  10. Dhopte, A.M., and Manuel, L.M. 2002. Principals and Techniques for plant scientists. Lst Edn. Updesh purohit for Agrobios (India). Odhpur. 373p.
  11. Esfini Farahani, M., Paknejad, F., Bakhtiari Moghadam, M., and Rezaei, K. 2011. Effect of different rates and application methods of salicylic acid on apparent traits of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). J. Crop Ecophysiol. 3: 2. 189-195. (In Persian)
  12. Esfini Farahani, M., Paknejad, F., Bakhtiari Moghadam, M., Alavi, S., and Hasibi, A.R. 2012. Effect of different application methods and rates of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Iran J. Agron. Plant Breed. 8: 3. 69-77. (In Persian)
  13. Emam, Y., and Zavarehi, M. 2005. Drought tolerance in higher plants (Genetical, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis). University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
  14. Farhoudi, R. 2011. Evolution Effect of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzymes activity and malondialdehyde concentrations of canola verities. Iran J. Field Crop Res. 9: 1. 123-130. (In Persian)
  15. Fatma, A.E., and Gharib, L. 2007. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 4: 485-492.

 Frary, A., Gol, D., Kele, D., Okmen, B., Pynar, H., Yova, O.H., Yemenicioolu, A., and Dooanlar, S. 2010. Salt tolerance in Solanum pennellii: antioxidant response and related QTL. Plant Biol. 6: 10-58.

  1. Ghanati, F., Morita, A., and Yokota, H. 2002. Induction of suberin and increase of lignin content by excess boron in tobacco cell. Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 48: 357-364.
  2. Gharib, F.A.L. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activates and oil content of basil and marjoram. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 4: 485-492.
  3. Gunes, Y.A., Inal, M., Alpaslan, F., Eraslan, E., Bagci, G., and Cicek, G.N. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. J. Plant Physiol. 164: 4. 728-736.

 Habibi, G. 2012. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates oxidative damage of barley plants under drought stress. Acta. Biol. 56: 1. 57-63.

  1. Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K., and Bohnert, H.J. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Bio. 51: 463-499.

 Hayat, Q., Hayata, S., Irfan, M., and Ahmad, A. 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment. Environ. Exp. Bot. 68: 14-25.

  1. Hayat, S., and Ahmad, A. 2007. Salicylic acid: Plant hormone. Springer Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. 97-99.
  2. Hayat, S., Hasan, S.A., Fariduddin, Q., and Ahmad, A. 2008. Growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in response to salicylic acid under water stress. J. Plant Interact. 3: 297-304.
  3. Hoyle, M.C. 1972. Indole acetic acid oxidase: a dual catalytic enzyme. Plant Physiol. 50: 15-18.
  4. Kabiri, R., Farahbakhsh, H., and Nasibi, F. 2012. Salicylic acid ameliorates the effects of oxidative stress induced by water deficit in hydroponic culture of Nigella sativa. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 8: 3. 13-22.
  5. Kabiri, R., Farahbakhsh, H., and Nasibi, F. 2014. Effect of drought stress and its interaction with salicylic acid on black cumin (Nigella sativa) germination and seedling growth. World App. Sci. J. 18: 4. 520-527.
  6. Kang, G., Wang, C., Sun, G., and Wang, Z. 2003. Salicylic acid changes activities of H2O2-metabolizing enzymes and increases the chilling tolerance of banana seedlings. Environ. Exp. Bot. 50: 9-15.
  7. Khalil, S.E., Nahed, J., Azizi, A., and Bedour, L.A. H. 2010. Effect of water stress, ascorbic acid and spraying time on some morphological and biochemical composition of Ocimum basilicum plant. J. American Sci. 6: 12. 33-44.
  8. Khoshbin, S. 2001. One hundred miraculous plants. Publishing House New World. 424p. (In Persian)
  9. Koocheki, A., and Nasiri Mahallati, M. 1994. Ecology of crops. Second Edition. University of Mashhad Press. 291p. (In Persian)
  10. Koocheki, A., Mokhtari, V., Taherabadi, Sh. B., and Kalantari, S. 2011. Performance evaluation of yield components quality properties of psyllium and psilium in wet conditions. J. Water Soil. 25: 3. 656-664. (In Persian)
  11. Krantev, A., Yordanova, R., Janda, T., Szalai, G., and Popova, L. 2008. Treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effect of cadmium on photosynthesis in maize plants. J. Plant Physiol. 165: 9. 920–931.
  12. Levent Tuna, A., Kaya, C., Dikilitas, M., Yokas, I.B., Burun, B., and Altunlu, H. 2007. Comparative effects of various salicylic acid derivatives on key growth parameters and some enzyme activities in salinity stressed maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Pakistan J. Bot. 39: 3. 787-798.
  13. Mehrabian Moghaddam, N., Arvin, M.J., Khajavi Nejad, G.R., and Maghsoudi, K. 2011. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and forage and grain yield of maize under drought stress in field conditions. J. Seed Plant Prod. 27: 1. 41-55. (In Persian)
  14. Metwally A., Finkemeier, I., Georgi, M., and Dietz, K.J. 2003. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiol. 132: 272-281.
  15. Moradi Marjane, E., and Goldani, M. 2011. Evaluation of different salicylic acid levels on some growth characteristics of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under limited irrigation. Environ. Stress Crop Sci. 4: 1. 33-45. (In Persian)
  16. Mozaffarian, V. 2006. Dictionary of Iranian plant names, Farhang Moaser Publishers. Tehran, 365P. (In Persian)
  17. Muosavinik, M. 2012. Effect drought stress and sulphur fertilizer on quantity and quality yield of psyllium (Plantago ovate L.) in Balochistan. J. Agroecol. 4: 2. 170-182. (In Persian)
  18. Nakano, Y., and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22: 867–880.
  19. Noorooz Poor, Gh., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2005. Effect of different irrigation intervals and plant density on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Iran J. Field Crop Res. 3: 2. 305-314. (In Persian)
  20. Rahbarian, P., Afsharmanesh, G., and Shirzadi, M. H. 2010. Effects of drought stress and manure on relative water content and cell membrane stability in dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). J. Plant Ecol. 2: 1. 13-19. (In Persian)
  21. Ramroudi, M., and Khamar, A.R. 2013. Interaction effects of salicylic acid spraying and different irrigation levels on some quantity and quality traits, and osmoticregulators in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J. Appl. Res. plant Ecophysiol. 1: 1. 19-26. (In Persian)
  22. Rezaei Chiyaneh, E., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Ghassemi Golezani, K., and delazar, A. 2012. Physiological responces of fennel (Foenicolum vulgare L.) to water limitation. J. Agroecol. 4: 4. 355-374.  (In Persian)
  23. Saruhan, N., Saglam, A., and Kadioglu, A. 2011. Salicylic acid pre-treatment induces drought tolerance and delays leaf rolling by inducing antioxidant systems in maize genotypes. Acta Physiol. Plant. 34: 1. 97-106.
  24. Sepehri, A., and Golparvar, A.H. 2011. The effect of drought stress on water relations, chlorophyll content and leaf area in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). J. Biol. 7: 49-53. (In Persian)
  25. Sibi, M. 2011. Effect of water stress, zeolite and foliar application of salicylic acid on some of agronomical and physiological traits in spring safflower. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University, Arak. 215p. (In Persian)
  26. Sibi, M., Mirzakhani, M., Gamarian, M., and Yaqobi, H. 2014. Effects of water stress and salicylic acid application on oil yield and some physiological characteristics of sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.). Iran J. Field Crop Sci. 45: 1. 1-14. (In Persian)
  27. Singh, B., and Usha, K. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regul. 39: 137-141.
  28. Tabatabaei, A.S. 2014. Effect of salicylic acid pretreatment of barley seed on seedling growth, proline content and antioxidant enzymes activity under drought stress. J. Plant Improv. 16: 2. 475-486. (In Persian)
  29. Wen, P.F., Chen, J.Y., Wan, S.B., Kong, W.F., Zhang, P., Wang, W., Zhan, J., Pan, Q.H., and Hung, W.D. 2005. Salicylic acid activates phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in grape berry in response to high temperature stress. Agric. 55: 1. 1-10.
  30. Zargari, A. 2009. Medicinal plants. Tehran University. p: 23-25. (In Persian)
مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 85-100

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار