کاهش اثر تنش شوری آب آبیاری توسط محلول‏پاشی سولفات پتاسیم در پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات،آموزش ومنابع طبیعی اصفهان

2 استاد داشکده کشاورزی گرگان

3 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کمبود آب شیرین، افزایش نیاز به مواد غذایی و وجود آبهای شور فراوان، کشاورزان را ناگزیر به استفاده از آبهای شور نموده است. استفاده از عنصر پتاسیم به صورت محلول‏پاشی می‏تواند گیاه را در دسترسی سریع به عناصر غذایی و کاهش اثرات شوری کمک نماید. استفاده از ارقام موتانت به ‌عنوان گیاهان متحمل به شوری می‌تواند به منظور مدیریت بهتر زراعی در جهت افزایش تولید در شرایط شور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. لذا این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر شوری آب آبیاری و محلول‏پاشی سولفات پتاسیم بر برخی ویژگی‏های فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و محتوای یونی دو موتانت پنبه انجام شد.
مواد و روش‏ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات شوری رودشت اصفهان در طی سال زراعی 93-94 به اجرا در آمد. در این مطالعه کرت‌های اصلی شامل تیمارهای آبیاری با آب دارای هدایت الکتریکی 4 (شاهد)، هشت و 12 دسی‏زیمنس بر متر و کرت‏های فرعی شامل تلفیق فاکتوریل سه ژنوتیپ (موتانت ال ام 1673 و ال ام 1303 و ژنوتیپ شاهد شایان) با محلول‏پاشی چهار سطح سولفات پتاسیم به میزان صفر، دو، چهار و شش کیلوگرم در 1000 لیتر آب در هکتار بود. صفات مورد مطالعه در این آزمایش عبارت بودند از درصد کیل و عملکرد وش و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک از قبیل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، آب نسبی از دست رفته برگ‌ها، شاخص پایداری غشا و محتوای نسبی کلرفیل برگ.
یافته‏ها: عملکرد وش تحت تأثیر آبیاری با آب شور، محلول‏پاشی با سولفات پتاسیم و ژنوتیپ قرار گرفت، اما اثر متقابل بین عوامل آزمایش بر عملکرد وش معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج حاکی از عدم کاهش عملکرد وش با افزایش سطح شوری آب آبیاری از چهار به هشت دسی زیمنس بر متر بود، درحالی‌که هنگام استفاده از آب با هدایت الکتریکی 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر، عملکرد وش 5/48 درصد نسبت به شاهد (چهار دسی زیمنس بر متر) کاهش یافت. عملکرد وش در تیمار محلول‏پاشی چهار کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم دارای بالاترین مقدار و حدود 55 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشته ولی با تیمارهای کاربرد دو و شش کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم اختلاف معنی‏دار نداشت. در بین ژنوتیپ‏ها بالاترین و عملکرد وش در ژنوتیپ ال ام 1303 و به میزان 3721 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که نسبت به رقم شایان (3165 کیلوگرم در هکتار) اختلاف معنی‏دار داشت. بیشترین محتوای آب نسبی برگ در مرحله اول و در همه سطوح محلول‏پاشی با سولفات پتاسیم در تیمار شوری هشت دسی زیمنس بر متر و حدود 80 درصد به‌ دست آمد و در این سطح شوری بین تیمارهای مختلف محلول‏پاشی اختلاف معنی‏داری مشاهده نشد. محتوای نسبی کلرفیل نیز در تیمار شاهد 59 درصد بود و با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از میزان آن کاسته شده و در تیمار شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر به 54 درصد رسید.
نتیجه‏گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به حداکثر محصول در شرایط شوری آب آبیاری می‏توان از ژنوتیپ موتانت ال ام 1303 استفاده نمود. همچنین برای کاهش اثرات شوری می‏توان از محلول‏پاشی 4 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The decrease of salinity effect of irrigated water by foliar application of K2SO4 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Jafaraghaei 1
1 Agriculture Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan
2
3
چکیده [English]

saline water in ground, agronomists have to use of this salt water. Foliar application of nutrients such as potassium can have quick access to the nutrients in the plant and reduce the effects of salinity assist. In order to better agronomic management for achieve to higher yield, identify of varieties with high yield potential in these conditions can assist researchers to achieve high yield. Using mutant varieties as tolerant plants to salinity can be one of the solutions. Hence this study was performed to evaluate the effect of salinity of irrigated water and foliar application of potassium sulfate on some physiological characteristics, yield of two mutant cottons.
Material and methods: The experiment was laid out using of split factorial arrangement based on complete block design with four replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, Rudasht, Isfahan, Iran during 2014-2015. In this study, experimental treatments were three irrigation water [4 (as control), 8 and 12 dS m-1] at main plots and three cotton genotypes (LM1673, LM1303 and Shayan) with four levels of K2SO4 such as 0 (as control), 2, 4 and 6 kg in 1000l/ha in sub plots. In this experiment studied traits were fiber percent, lint yield, and physiological traits such as RWC, RWL, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content.
Results: Lint yield significantly affected by irrigation with saline water, foliar application of potassium sulfate and genotype, but the interaction between experimental factors on lint yield was not statistically significant. The results showed no significant decrease in yield with increasing of salinity levels of irrigation water from 4 to 8 dS.m-1, while when using 12 dS.m-1 saline water for irrigation, lint cotton yield reduced as 48.5% compared to control (4 dS.m-1) and fell from 4174 to 2149 kg per ha. Foliar application of potassium sulfate treatment at rate of 4 kg per hectare had the highest yield was 4425 kg per hectare compared to the control (2462 kg) was 55% increasing of yield, but had not significant differences with 2 and 6 kg per hectare sulfate potassium treatments. Between genotypes, LM-1303 genotype had the highest lint yield in rate of 3721 kg per hectares that had significant differences with Shayan genotype (3165 kg per hectares). Highest RWC in first sampling at all foliar application of potassium sulfate treatments was obtained in 8 dS.m-1 treatment at rate of 80% and in this saline treatment were not significant differences between foliar treatments. Chlorophyll content was 59 in control treatment and increasing of salinity treatment decreased it and was 54 in 12 dS.m-1 treatments.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in saline water treatments, LM-1303 mutant had the highest fiber percent and lint yield that in results can proposed this genotype for achieve to high yield in saline condition. Also, for achieve to higher yield and reducing of salinity effects can apply 4 kg per hectares potassium sulfate by spraying.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Membrane stability index
  • Salinity
  • seed cotton yield

مراجع

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 17-22

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