نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2 مربی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران
3 مربی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام،
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a widely distributed legume used mainly as forage and green ma-nure. It is an important feed source in Iran’s rangelands, especially during winter and early spring, yet its genetic diversity for key agronomic traits such as forage and seed yield is still poorly understood. Because of its adaptability to low‑input and organic farming systems and its nitrogen‑fixing ability, common vetch is well suited for crop rotation in low‑rainfall areas as an alternative to continuous ce-real cultivation. Additionally, intercropping vetch with cereals, without requiring nitrogen fertilizers, can improve soil fertility and increase overall system productivity. Using mixed-effects models, Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs) are estimated to accurately quantify the genotype × environment interaction (G×E). These estimates are subsequently evaluated through the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD). The integration of AMMI and BLUP methodologies enables a more precise assessment of random effects and facili-tates the computation of genotype stability indices based on the Weighted Average of Absolute BLUP Scores (WAASB). The study aims to identify high‑yielding and stable common vetch genotypes un-der autumn sowing conditions. Using the Multi‑Trait Stability Index (MTSI), researchers evaluate gen-otypes more accurately by simultaneously considering multiple traits across different environments.
Material and Methods:
In this study, 8 promising vetch genotypes along with “Maragheh”, and “Tolo” cultivars were cultivat-ed in a randomized complete block design for five consecutive cropping years (2019-2024) in Kogiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad / Gachsaran, Lorestan/Khoramabad, Ilam/chardavel and Mehran. The seeding rate was set at 150 seeds per square meter. Seeds were sown in four rows, each 7 m in length, with a row spacing of 25 cm, covering an area of approximately 7 m². A distance of 0.5 m was main-tained between adjacent plots. For each genotype, several agronomic traits were measured across dif-ferent years, including grain yield, hundred‑seed weight, fresh forage yield, total biomass yield, num-ber of pods per plant, harvest index, straw yield, and single‑seed weight. Genotype stability assess-ment and statistical analyses, including the estimation of the Multi‑Trait Stability Index (MTSI) and genetic parameters, were conducted using the multi‑environment trial analysis package metan and the GGE method implemented in the R statistical software environment (R Core Team). To quantify genotypic stability, singular value decomposition was applied to the matrix of best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of genotype × environment interactions using a linear mixed‑effects model. Vari-ance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method, and the significance of random effects was evaluated using the likelihood ratio test (LRT).
Results: The mosaic diagram showed that the contribution of the sum of squares of genotype and the genotype × environment in the total sum of squares was 8.91 and 55.65%, respectively. The Likeli-hood Ratio Test (LRT) showed that the effect of genotype by environment interactions (GEI) was sig-nificant on grain yield, feresh forage yield, biological yield, 100-seed weight, harvest index, straw yield, and Single seed weight. The Screet test showed that the five primary components had a signifi-cant contribution to the GEI matrix derived from BLUP, So that the first to sixth principal components explained 51.6, 25.6, 10.1, 5, 4.2, and 1.8 percent of the variation in genotype-environment interac-tion, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, based on the results of all methods and simultaneous selection based on grain yield stability and all measured traits (MTSI), genotypes 1, 2, 5, 3 and 4 were stable and superior geno-types, compared to the average of the total traits of the genotypes.
کلیدواژهها [English]