نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، پژوهشگاه افضلی پور، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 بخش مدیریت زراعت، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان کرمان، کرمان، ایران
3 شرکت سوم شعبان، ارزوئیه، ایران
4 بخش مدیریت زراعت، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان ارزوئیه، ارزوئیه، ایران
5 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
6 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Improving the yield and sustainability of crops is one of the most important goals of breeding programs. Given the increasing population and the limitations of water and soil resources, it is necessary to introduce new cultivars capable of delivering satisfactory yield in different climatic conditions. Wheat is one of the world’s most important cereals and constitutes a significant part of the daily calorie intake; therefore, its sustainable production and yield enhancement have long been priorities for agricultural policymakers. The development of new and improved wheat varieties with high grain yield and environmental friendliness is essential to maintain and increase food security in the face of challenges such as climate change and population growth.
Materials and methods: In this study, ‘Sirvan’ and ‘Khalil’ cultivars were used as controls and 12 new cultivars from breeding programs (Ouj, Mehregan, Rakhshan, Ayene, Sehar, Jalal, Baharan, RoshanBS, RoshanD, MahdaviE, ExST and Setare) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each plot consisted of 25 rows 15 m in length, with a row spacing of 10 cm. The studied traits included grain yield and yield components, plant height, and phenological traits (days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period) were measured during the growth period and at harvest.
Results: The results of this study indicated that wheat breeding programs in Iran have successfully developed cultivars and lines that show significant superiority in grain yield and yield components compared with the control cultivars ‘Sirvan’ and ‘Khalil’. Based on these results, the Ouj cultivar with a suitable combination of high yield (7.61 t.ha-1) and favorable phenological traits has the best performance in Arzooieh conditions. This cultivar with a height of 104.75 cm, flowering period of 107 days, and maturity of 143.75 days has the ability to escape from terminal-season stresses, which is considered one of the most important strategies for adapting to dry conditions. Also, the Mehregan cultivar with a yield of 7.18 t.ha-1 and favorable phenological characteristics is another suitable option for cultivation in this region. This cultivar with an average height (104.75 cm) and favorable grain filling period (38 days) has shown a favorable balance between yield and adaptation to environmental conditions.
Conclusion: In general, based on the results of this study, the identification of lines and cultivars that have higher yields than control cultivars indicate a favorable progress in wheat breeding programs in Iran. These findings emphasize the importance of continuing targeted breeding programs to produce cultivars that are compatible with the specific climatic conditions of each region and provide the possibility of improving food security in the arid regions of the country. Given the success of the breeding program in producing superior cultivars, it is essential to continue these programs with an emphasis on selection for resistance to environmental stresses.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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