نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.
2 دانشیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- یزد- ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objective:
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), owing to its remarkable genetic diversity, broad ecological adaptability, high nutritional value, and considerable tolerance to various environmental stresses, has been recognized as a promising and strategic crop for enhancing food security and ensuring sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Given the increasing challenges of water scarcity and the deterioration of irrigation water quality in Iran, the identification and characterization of salt-tolerant lines hold particular significance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify, evaluate, and determine the most influential agro-morphological traits contributing to the selection of early-maturing, high-yielding, and salt-tolerant quinoa lines among a diverse set of germplasm accessions.
Materials and Methods
For this purpose, 49 quinoa lines were evaluated in a lattice design with two replications under saline irrigation water conditions in August 2022 at the Sadough Salinity Research Station of the National Salinity Research Center in Yazd. Traits including plant height, panicle length and weight, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, biomass, and saponin content were measured. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA).
Findings: The results of the ANOVA revealed that the effect of lines was significant (p < 0.01) for all traits. Lines 47 and 49 had the highest grain yield (281.11 and 277.43 g m⁻², respectively), while lines 7 and 33 exhibited the highest 1000-seed weight (73.2 and 74.2 g, respectively). In contrast, line 3 showed the lowest grain yield and the highest saponin content (20.6%). Cluster analysis grouped the lines into six distinct clusters, with cluster III (lines 5, 47, and 49) demonstrating the highest yield and biomass. The first three principal components accounted for approximately 72% of the total data variance. Heritability results indicated that traits such as plant height, panicle weight, and grain yield were significantly under genetic control and possess high potential for improvement through selection.
Conclusion
Overall, this study confirmed the presence of considerable genetic potential among early-maturing quinoa lines for cultivation under saline conditions. Traits associated with panicle and biomass were identified as key indicators for selecting high-yielding lines. Lines 47 and 49, due to their superior grain yield, desirable biomass, and low saponin content, are recommended as promising candidates for direct release or for use in hybridization programs aimed at developing salt-tolerant cultivars. The high heritability of the most important traits highlights the potential success of future breeding programs. Ultimately, these findings can contribute to the expansion of quinoa cultivation and improvement of food security in arid and saline regions of Iran.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Peterson, A.J., & Murphy, K.M. (2015). Quinoa cultivation for temperate North America: Considerations and areas for investigation. Quinoa: Improvement and sustainable production, 17, 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118628041.ch10