نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Maize, after wheat and rice, is known as one of the most important and widely consumed cereals in the world. Considering the arid and semi-arid climate of the Iran country and the challenges arising from the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the present study investigates for the first time the effect of combined application of biological and chemical fertilizers in two different maize varieties. This study not only helps to evaluate the effects of these two types of fertilizers on corn growth and yield, but also provides new solutions to increase yield and reduce environmental damage.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot within a randomized completely blocks design with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tarbiat Modares University during the 2022-2023 growing season. Different irrigation regimes at three levels (irrigation after reaching 85% of feild capacity (optimal irrigation), irrigation after reaching 70% of feild capacity (moderate water deficit stress) and irrigation after reaching 55% of feild capacity (severe water deficit stress) as the main plot, nutritional system in three levels (chemical fertilizer, Effective Microorganisms (EM), integrated chemical and EM) as the subplots and maize cultivars at two levels of single cross 704 (S.C 704) and TWC.647 were placed in the sub-subplots. The traits studied in this research include the number of corolla branches, leaf area index, leaf and stem dry weights, plant height, ear length, ear dry weight, cob wood dry weight, ear fresh weight, thousand seed weight, number of rows in cobs, the number of seeds in the row, the number of seeds in the cob, the seed yield, and harvest index. Data analysis was done by the general linear model (GLM) method and a comparison of means was done using the least significant difference test with SAS software (version 9.4).
Findings: The results showed that the interaction of moderate water deficit stress and integrated nutrition system had the highest harvest index. Total dry weight was also the highest (19229 kg ha-1) due to the triple effect of optimal irrigation × S.c 704 cultivar × integrated nutrition system. The weight of 1000 seeds in the triple treatment of optimal irrigation treatment TWC.647 + biofertilizer was higher than other treatments (247 g). Also, the results showed that the highest grain yield was observed in favourable irrigation conditions in the integrated treatment of nitrogen fertilizer and effective microorganisms and the Single Cross 704 cultivar, moderate water deficit stress in the combined treatment of effective microorganisms and the TWC.647 cultivar, and under severe water deficit stress conditions in the foliar spray treatment of effective microorganisms and the TWC.647 cultivar.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, to decrease costs and reduce environmental pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer, foliar spraying of effective microorganisms is recommended for optimal grain yield. However, to have a higher harvest index and total dry weight, it is recommended to use a combination of Effective microorganisms and nitrogen fertilizer due to the dependence of the growth traits of maize plants on nitrogen fertilizer. Overall, the TWC.647 showed better grain yield in forage traits and the S.C 704 in grain traits.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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