ارزیابی تنوع ارقام و ارتباط‌سنجی برخی از ویژگیهای زراعی در گندم‌ نان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ابلام، ایلام، ایران

2 عضو هیآت علمی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ابلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: بررسی تنوع ارقام گیاهان زراعی و روابط بین صفات مهم اقتصادی آنها شامل عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد دانه و ویژگیهای فنولوژیکی در گیاهان زراعی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. گندم هم ازنظر انرژی و هم مواد مغذی صروری، اهمیت دارد. در برنامه‌های اصلاحی گندم، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، مورد توجه قرار گرفته و درک بهتر رابطه آنها با همدیگر منجر به دستیابی به ارقام پرمحصول خواهد شد. در مقایسات ارقام زراعی، هم شامل مرسوم یا جدید بودن روشهای مقایسه، و هم جدید بودن ارقام یا واریته‌ها حائز اهمیت است.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق، تعداد 94 رقم گندم نان (شامل 4 رقم شاهد) در قالب طرح آگمنت با 3 تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام کشت گردید. بعد از انجام عملیات کاشت، داشت (آبیاری نرمال و رعایت مبارزه با علفهای هرز و وجین دستی) و ثبت اطلاعات فنولوژی و مورفولوژی شامل روز تا جوانه‌زنی، روز تا پنجه‌زنی، روز تا ساقه‌دهی، روز تا گلدهی و روز تا رسیدگی کامل، تعداد پنجه، تعداد برگ، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد گره، طول پدانکل، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه، با بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌ها صورت گرفت. تجزیه داده‌ها با استفاده از برخی روش‌های آماری ساده و پیشرفته و نیز برخی روش‌های آماری چندمتغیری (تجزه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی و تجزیه تشخیص (DA) و تجزیه کلاستر) انجام گرفت.

یافته‌ها: بنا به نتایج تجزیه واریانس، ارقام مورد مطالعه از نظر تمامی صفات بررسی ‌شده تفاوت معنی‏داری نشان دادند که حاکی از وجود تنوع کافی بین آنها بود. بیشترین همبستگی پیرسونی بین صفات وزن هزار دانه با عملکرد (***907/0)، روز تا پنجه‌دهی با روز تا گلدهی (***92/0-)، روز تا گلدهی با رسیدگی (***85/0-)، روز تا پنجه‌دهی با رسیدگی (***83/0)، روز تا پنجه‌دهی با ساقه‌دهی (***79/0) و روز تا ساقه‌دهی با گلدهی (***79/0-) وجود داشت. همچنین بین عملکرد دانه و طول سنبله و تعداد سنبلچه نیز همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری (بترتیب ***39/0 و***34/0) وجود داشت که با روش بیزی مورد تآیید قرار گرفت. در تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (و تآیید آن توسط تجزیه تشخیص خطی)، دو مؤلفه‌ی اول مجموعاً بخش اعظم (51/99 درصد) واریانس کل را توجیه نموده و مزیت انجام این روش را در گروه‌بندی ارقام نشان داد که براساس آن ارقام در چهار گروه قرار گرفتند. بر این اساس، گروه یک شامل ژنوتیپهای دریا و قدس با میانگین عملکرد 712 گرم، و گروه‌های دیگر نیز از میانگین عملکردهای 594، 864، 195، 328 و 442 گرم برخوردار بودند که گروه سوم (رقم شاه‌پسند) بیشترین عملکرد (864 گرم در مترمربع) و وزن هزاردانه (2/43 گرم) را در بین گروهها و در کل آزمایش داشته ولی رقم Tak-Ab یا تکاب نیز بیشترین وزن هزاردانه (81/50 گرم) را به خود اختصاص داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این تحقیق، دو روش مرسوم و پیشرفته برای ارزیابی همبستگی و ارتباط بین صفات، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت که همدیگر را تآیید نموده و بعد از آن، برخی روشهای آماری چندمتغیره برای دسته‌بندی ارقام گندم مورد استفاده قرار گرفت که تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی با استفاده از دو مؤلفه‌ی اصلی اول بخوبی ارقام را گروه‌بندی نموده که 2 رقم شاهپسند و دریا بترتیب بیشترین عملکرد و وزن هزاردانه را در جمعیت، دارا بودند. با توجه به حجم جمعیت و وجود تنوع کافی آن و طیف از نظر اقلیمی، می‌توان از ارقام موجود و با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بالای آن در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و ترویجی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of cultivar diversity and correlation analysis of some agronomic characteristics in bread wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahtab Haghnazar 1
  • Arash Fazeli 2
  • Ali Arminian 2
1 , PhD Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ablam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Faculty Member, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ablam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and purpose: Investigating the diversity of cultivars of agricultural plants and the relationships between their important economic traits, such as grain yield, components of grain yield, and phenological characteristics in crops, is crucial. Wheat is a significant source of energy and dietary nutrients. During wheat breeding programs, yield and yield components are carefully considered, and understanding their relationship is essential for developing high-yield varieties. When comparing agricultural cultivars, it is important to consider the conventional or innovative nature of the comparison methods and the novelty of the cultivars or varieties being compared.

Materials and methods: In this study, 94 bread wheat varieties (including 4 control varieties) were cultivated using an augmentation plan with 3 repetitions during the agricultural year of 2018-2019 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. After planting, normal irrigation and proper weed control were maintained, and phenology and morphology information were recorded, including days to germination, tillering, stem, flowering, and maturity. Additionally, the number of tillers, leaves, plant height, nodes, peduncle length, spike length, number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield were assessed for normality. Data analysis involved the use of simple and advanced statistical methods, as well as multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis, discriminant analysis (DA), and cluster analysis.
Findings: The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among the studied cultivars in terms of all the traits investigated, indicating that there is enough diversity between them. The highest Pearson correlation was found between a thousand seed weight and yield (0.907***), days to tillering and days to flowering (-0.92***), days to flowering and maturity (0.85***), days to tillering and rippening (0.83***), days to tillering and stem (0.79***), and days to tillering and flowering (0.79***). Additionally, there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and spike length, as well as the number of spikes (0.39*** and 0.34***, respectively), which was further confirmed by the Bayesian method. The principal component analysis, along with linear DA analysis, showed that the first two components accounted for the majority (99.51%) of the total variance and demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in grouping the varieties. Based on these results, the cultivars were categorized into four groups. Group one consisted of the Darya and Quds genotypes, with an average yield of 712 grams. The other groups had average yields of 594, 864, 195, 328, and 442 grams, respectively. The third group (Shahpasand number) had the highest yield at 864 grams per square meter and a thousand-seed weight of 43.2 grams, which were the highest among all the groups and the entire experiment. However, the Tak-Ab variety also had the highest thousand-seed weight at 50.81 grams.

Conclusion: In this study, two methods, both conventional and advanced, were used to evaluate the correlation and relationship between traits, and the results were consistent with each other. Subsequently, multivariate statistical methods were employed to classify the wheat cultivars. By decomposing the data into the main components, the first two components successfully grouped the cultivars, with Shahpasand and Darya exhibiting the highest yield and thousand-seed weight in the population, respectively. Given the size of the population and its sufficient diversity, as well as the range of climatic conditions, it is feasible to utilize the available cultivars with high performance and desirable traits in improvement and expansion programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bayes
  • correlation
  • analysis of variance
  • cluster analysis
  • Triticum aestivum L

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 41-66

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