اثر خاکورزی و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد علوفه و دانه دو رقم ماشک (Vicia sativa) در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده:
سابقه و هدف: در بسیاری از مناطق کشور از جمله خرم‌آباد لرستان، میزان، توزیع و شدت نامناسب بارندگی تأثیر منفی بر تولید گیاهان زراعی مانند ماشک در شرایط دیم می‌گذارد. خاکورزی حفاظتی راه‌کاری مناسب جهت ذخیره رطوبت و حفظ خاک به‌شمار می‌رود. همچنین، انتخاب رقم پرپتانسیل و سازگار به شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه، ضمن افزایش تولید به اقتصاد کشاورزان منطقه کمک می‌نماید. از طرفی دست‌یابی به راه‌کارهای مناسب کاربردی از جمله سالیسیلیک اسید جهت تعدیل تنش خشکی ضروری به‌نظر می-رسد. به‌این منظور بررسی همزمان خاکورزی، رقم و سالیسیلیک اسید به‌منظور دست‌یابی به بهترین تیمار برای شرایط دیم منطقه در این آزمایش بررسی گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی واکنش کمی و کیفی ماشک به خاکورزی و سالیسیلیک اسید، آزمایشی در سه محیط خاکورزی شامل مرسوم، کم خاکورزی و بدون خاکورزی با دو رقم ماشک مراغه و گچساران و چهار سطح محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید شامل شاهد، 5/0، 1 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار در منطقه کماوند شهرستان خرم‌آباد در دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 و 1397-1396 اجرا شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک (2340 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از دو روش خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی به‌دست آمد، اما بیشترین شاخص برداشت (2/25 درصد) از روش خاک‌ورزی مرسوم حاصل شد. مقایسه ارقام نشان داد که رقم مراغه از نظر کلیه صفات مورفولوژیک بجز وزن هزار دانه برتری معنی‌داری نسبت به رقم گچساران داشت، اما از نظر شاخص برداشت، تفاوت معنی-داری میان دو رقم مشاهده نشد. بیشترین مقدار صفات مورفولوژیک شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک، درصد رطوبت علوفه، اجزای عملکرد دانه و عملکرد دانه، بیولوژیک و کاه و شاخص برداشت از کاربرد 5/1 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید به‌دست آمد. در سال اول، بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر از روش کم خاک‌ورزی در رقم مراغه با محلول‌پاشی 5/0 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید (15419 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در سال دوم، از روش کم خاک‌ورزی در رقم مراغه با محلول‌پاشی 0/1 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید (16059 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با دیگر سطوح محلول‌پاشی به‌دست آمد. در سال اول و دوم، بیشترین عملکرد دانه از روش کم خاک‌ورزی در رقم مراغه با محلول‌پاشی 5/1 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید (به‌ترتیب 1191 و 1320 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین عملکرد دانه از روش کم خاک‌ورزی در رقم گچساران بدون یا با 5/0 میلی‌مولار محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (به‌ترتیب 389 و 542 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و یا بدون محلول‌پاشی حاصل شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، رقم مراغه در روش کم خاک‌ورزی با محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید جهت تولید دو منظوره علوفه و دانه در ماشک توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of tillage and salicylic acid on fodder and grain yield of two common vetch (Vicia sativa) cultivars under dry conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ardeshir Papaiee 1
  • Masoud Rafiee 2
  • Ali Khorgami 3
  • Kazem Taleshi 4
1 PhD student in Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREO, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy, Khorramabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Agronomy, Khorramabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
In many regions of the country, including Khorramabad, Lorestan, the amount, distribution, and intensity of rainfall has a negative effect on the production of crops such as vetiver in rainy conditions. Conservation tillage is considered a suitable solution for storing moisture and preserving the soil. Also, the selection of high-potential variety and adaptation to the weather conditions of the region, while increasing the production, helps the economy of the farmers in the region. On the other hand, it seems necessary to find suitable practical solutions such as salicylic acid to adjust the drought stress. For this purpose, the simultaneous investigation of tillage, variety and salicylic acid was investigated in this experiment in order to achieve the best treatment for the dry conditions of the region.
Materials and methods
In order to investigate the quantitative and qualitative response of vetiver to tillage and salicylic acid, an experiment was conducted in three tillage environments including conventional, low tillage, and no tillage with two varieties of vetiver, Maragheh and Gachsaran, and four levels of salicylic acid foliar application including the control. , 0.5, 1, and 1.5 millimolar were implemented in Kamavand area of Khorram Abad city in two crop years 1395-1396 and 1396-1397.
Results
The results showed that the highest yield of dry fodder (2340 kg/ha) was obtained from two protective tillage methods, but the highest harvest index (25.2%) was obtained from the conventional tillage method. Comparison of cultivars showed that Maragheh variety had a significant advantage over Gachsaran cultivar in terms of all morphological traits except the weight of 1000 seeds, but no significant difference was observed between the two cultivars in terms of harvest index. The highest amount of morphological traits including plant height, wet and dry forage yield, forage moisture percentage, grain yield components, grain yield, biological and straw yield and harvest index were obtained from the application of 1.5 mM salicylic acid. In the first year, the highest fodder yield was obtained from the low tillage method in the Maragheh cultivar with foliar spraying of 0.5 mM salicylic acid (15419 kg/ha) and in the second year, from the low tillage method in the Maragheh cultivar with Foliar spraying of 0.1 mM salicylic acid (16059 kg/ha) was obtained without significant difference with other levels of foliar spraying. In the first and second year, the highest seed yield from the low tillage method in Maragheh cultivar with 1.5 mM salicylic acid (1191 and 1320 kg/ha respectively) and the lowest seed yield from the low tillage method. Cultivation in Gachsaran cultivar was achieved without or with 0.5 mM salicylic acid (389 and 542 kg/ha respectively) or without foliar application.
Conclusion
In general, Maragheh cultivar is recommended in the low tillage method with salicylic acid spraying for the dual purpose production of fodder and seeds in vetiver.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • conservation tillage
  • dual purpose production
  • fodder yield
  • Harvest index
  • Maragheh variety
  1. Najafzadeh, R. & Rahmati M. (2014). Rain Water Management and Efficiency in Rainfed Agriculture. Journl of Rainwater Catchment System, 2(3), 31-40. 20.1001.1.24235970.1393.2.3.4.1
  2. Asadi, M. E. 2017. Healthy Soils with Conservation Agriculture Systems. Noroozi Press. 135p.
  3. De Vita P., Di Paolo, E. Fecondo, G. Di Fonzo, N. & Pisante, M. (2007). No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research, 92(1-2), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.012
  4. Halvorson, A. D., Mosier, A. R., Reule, C. A. & Bausch, W. C. (2006). Nitrogen and tillage effects on irrigated continuous corn yields. Agronomy Journl, 98(1), 63-71. DOI:10.2134/agronj2005.0174
  5. Sepide dam, S. & Ramroudi, M. (2016). Effects of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and seed protein of wheat. Journl Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 2(2), 33-46. http://arpe.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.html
  6. Sarafraz, Z., Amini Dehaghi, M. & Rafiee, M. (2023). Evaluation of Physiological, Biochemical and Grain Yield of Five Lallemantia iberica Accessions under Tillage Method in Rainfed Conditions of Khorramabad Region. Journl of Agroecology, 15(55), 17-29.  10.22067/AGRY.2021.68788.102
  7. Behfar, F., Al Abdi, M. & Shahrbanunjad, M. (2019). Comparison and evaluation of different tillage systems and its effect on onion crop performance in the northern region of Khuzestan. The fifth national conference of new ideas in agriculture. Islamic Azad Univ. Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan). https://civilica.com/doc/129157
  8. Afzalinia, S. & Karami, A. (2018). Effect of conservation tillage on soil properties and corn yield in the corn-wheat rotation. Iranian Journl of Biosystems Engineering, 49 (1), 129-137. 10.22059/IJBSE.2017.243058.664995. [In Persian]
  9. Komeili, H. R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Ghodsi, M., Nassiri Mahallati, M. & Jalal Kamali, M. R. (2016). Effect of different tillage methods and the rate of crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat. Cereal Research, 6(3), 323-337
  10. Parshkohi, M. & Rashidi, M. (2018). Comparison of different tillage methods on rapeseed yield components. Quarterly Journl of Agricultural Research, 4(2), 110-123. https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/jar
  11. Amini, A. & Farsi Nejad, K. (2014). Effects of different plant residue under different tillagepractices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Journl of Plant Ecophysiology, 16(3), 27-38. 20.1001.1.20085958.1393.6.16.3.8
  12. Mohammadi, Kh., Nabi-o-Allahi, K., Aghaalikhani, M. & Khoormali, F. (2009). Study on the effect of different tillage methods on the soil physical properties, yield and yield components of rainfed wheat. Journl of Plant Production, 16(4), 77-91. https://civilica.com/doc/1807854. [In Persian]
  13. Alijani, Kh., Bhrani, M. J. & Kazmini, S. A. (2011). Effect of tillage and corn residue on the growth, yield and yield components of wheat. Iranian Journl of Field Research, 9(3), 486-493. 10.22067/GSC.V9I3.11985. [In Persian]
  14. Sasheva, P., Yordanova, R., Janda, T., Szalai, G. & Maslenkova, L. (2013). Study of primary photosynthetic reactions in winter wheat cultivars after cold hardening and freezing Effect of salicylic acid. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19, 45–48. https://www.agrojournal.org/19/02-10s.pdf
  15. Faraji-mehmany, A., Esmaielpour, B., Sefidkon, F. & Khorramdel, S. (2016). Effects of Foliar Spraying with Salicylic acid and Putrescine on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 14(1), 73-85. 10.22067/GSC.V14I1.33631. [In Persian]
  16. Darabi, F.,   Naseri, R.,   Mirzaei, A. & Moradi, M. (2019). Some physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to foliar application of salicylic acid under drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 38(11), 61-76. 20.1001.1.20085958.1398.11.38.6.0
  17. Mehrabian Moghaddam, N., Arvin, Mo. J., Khajuee Nezhad, G. R. & Maghsoudi, K. (2011). Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Forage and Grain Yield of Maize under Drought Stress in Field Conditions. Seed and Plant Production, 27(1), 41-55.
  18. Shekhari, F., Pak Mehr, A., Rastgou, M., Saba, J., Vazayefi, M. & Zangani, I. (2009). The effect of salicylic acid priming on some morphological traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under water stress during the podding stage. New Agricultural Technology, 4(1), 5-25.
  19. Dolatmand Shahri, N. & Haqshanas, M. (2017). Effect of different amounts of soil moisture in different salicylic acid levels on enzymes activity and morphophysiological characteristics of alfalfa. Crop Physiology Journal, 9(33), 99-118. 20.1001.1.2008403.1396.9.33.7.2
  20. Abd El-Wahed, M. S. A., Amin, A. A. & El-Sh, A. (2006). Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow mays plants. World Journal of agricultural Science, 2, 149-155. https://www.idosi.org/wjas/wjas2(2)/4.pdf
  21. Noreen, S., Fatima, K., Athar, H. U. R., Ahmad, S. & Hussain, K. (2017). Enhancement of physio-biochemical parameters of wheat through exogenous application of salicylic acid under drought stress. The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 27, 153–163. https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_110423_7d1db49e49deb0f56d4b4a9ab3866157.pdf
  22. Mohammadi, H., Javadzadeh, R., Pasban Eslam, B. & Parviz, L. (2019). Evaluation of the effects of drought stress and salicylic acid on growth and physiological parameters in four spring canola cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16(4), 807-819. 10.22067/GSC.V16I4.70532
  23. Bayat, S. & Sepehri, A. (2014). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and paclobutrazol on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of maize (Zea mays) under drought stress. Cereal Research, 4(2), 127-139. 20.1001.1.22520163.1393.4.2.4.0
  24. Ezati, N., Maleki, A. & Fathi, A. (2019). Effect of drought stress and spraying of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 56(14), 94-109. 20.1001.1.76712423.1398.14.56.5.9
  25. Shoghian, M. & Rozbahani, A. (2017). The effect of salicylic acid foliar application on morphological traits, yield and yield components of red bean under drought tension conditions. Crop Physiology Journal, 9(34), 131-147. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314231262
  26. Pakar, N., Pirasteh Anoosheh, H. & Emam, Y. (2014). The Effect of Different Concentrations of Salicylic Acid on Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Barley under Salt Stress Conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 4(14), 191-201. 20.1001.1.22518517.1393.4.14.16.6
  27. Khan, N. A., Shabian, S., Masood, A., Nazar, A. & Iqbal, N. (2010). Application of salicylic acid increases contents of nutrients and antioxidative metabolism in mungbean and alleviates adverse effects of salinity stress. International Journal of Plant Biology, 1, 1-8. DOI:10.4081/pb.2010.e1
  28. Rajabi, L., Sajedi, N. A. & Roshande, M. (2013). Response of yield and yield component of dry land chick pea to salicylic acid and superabsorbent polimer, Journal of Crop Production Research, 4(4), 343-354. https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/behzeraee
  29. Eraslan, F., Inal, A., Gunes, A. & Alpaslan, M. (2007). Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on growth, antioxidant activity and physiology of carrot plants subjected to combined salinity and boron toxicity. Scientia Horticulture, 113, 120- 128. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2007.03.012
  30. Ghasemian, V., Shafagh, J. & Pirzad, A. (2017). Effect of Fertilizer Treatments and Irrigation Regimes on Lallemantia iberica Seed Mucilage Yield and Compounds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(3), 17-31. https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/issue_875_934.html?lang=en
  31. Kalali, T., Lahouti, M. & Mahmoodzadeh, H. (2015). Investigation the effect of Salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of Soybean (Glycine max) under drought tension conditions. Crop Physiology Journal, 7: 25. 77-87. 20.1001.1.2008403.1394.7.25.6.1
  32. Amiri, A., Parsa, S. R., Nezami, M. & Ganjeali, A. (2011). The effects of droght stress at different phonological stages on growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 1, 69-84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343722354
  33. Wozniak, A., Wesolowski, M. & Soroka, M. (2015). Effect of long-term reduced tillage on grain yield, grain quality and weed infestation of spring wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 899-908. DOR: 20.1001.1.16807073.2015.17.4.3.0
  34. Madah, S. M., Falahian, F., Sabbaghpour, S. H. & Chalabian, F. (2015). The effect of salicylic acid on the performance and anatomical structure of chickpea. Journal of Basic Science of Islamic Azad University, 62, 70-61. https://www.sid.ir/paper/70474/fa. [In Persian]