سازگاری و پایداری عملکرد کینوا دانه سیاه در مقایسه با لاین های دانه سفید در شرایط شور

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- یزد- ایران

2 استادیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- یزد- ایران

3 استادیار ،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران،

4 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

5 استادیار ، بخش زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران،

چکیده

مقدمه: کینوا گیاه دولپه از خانواده آمارانتاسه است. به دلیل ارزش غذایی بالای گیاه برنامه‌های به نژادی متعددی در نقاط مختلف دنیا بر روی کینوا آغاز شد. کینوا از نظر تجاری دارای سه رنگ سیاه، قرمز و سفید می‌باشد. رقم صدوق با عنوان رقم دانه سفید و متحمل به تنش شوری معرفی شده است (7). هدف از معرفی رقم دانه سیاه نیاز بازار جهت تولید کینوای سه رنگ می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی سازگاری کینوا رقم رحمت با دانه سیاه و درشت در مقایسه با ارقام و لاین‌های دانه سفید است.
مواد و روش: این مطالعه طی دو سال زراعی (99-1398) در 4 منطقه (یزد، سبزوار، شیراز و ایرانشهر) در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 6 ژنوتیپ و سه تکرار انجام شد.تاریخ کاشت بر اساس داده‌های هواشناسی روزانه در هر منطقه تعیین شد. بعد از برداشت عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، سایز دانه و میزان ساپونین اندازه‌گیری شد. در ابتدا آزمون بارتلت انجام شد و تجزیه مرکب و تجزیه پایداری با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف پارامتریک و غیر پارامتریک انجام گردید.
نتایج: تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد اثر متقابل سه جانبه سال، مکان و لاین بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار بود. بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه رقم رحمت در ایرانشهر (407 گرم در متر مربع) بعد از رقم صدوق (488 گرم در متر مربع) بود. کمترین عملکرد دانه رقم رحمت در مناطق مورد بررسی در یزد (249 گرم در متر مربع) مشاهده شده است. از لحاظ وزن هزار دانه بیشترین و کمترین وزن هزار دانه به ترتیب در ایرانشهر (9/3 گرم) و یزد (9/2 گرم) مشاهده شد. در ایرانشهر 68 درصد و در سایر محیط‌ها 45 درصد بذور رقم رحمت در طبقه درشت قرار گرفتند. میزان ساپونین رقم رحمت به شدت تحت تاثیر محیط قرار گرفت. بیشترین و کمترین میزان ساپونین رقم رحمت در سبزوار و ایرانشهر مشاهد شد. بررسی روش GGEbiplot نشان داد که رقم رحمت بعد از صدوق سازگاری خصوصی بالایی در ایرانشهر و سبزوار داشت. بر اساس میانگین مجموع رتبه به ترتیب رقم صدوق (2.0±1.18)، لاین C (2.2±1.37) و رقم رحمت (3.5±2.61) بیشترین پایداری عملکرد دانه را داشتند.
نتیجه گیری کلی: مجموع رتبه کانگ و سایر روش‌های غیر پارامتریک استفاده شده موجب انتخاب لاین‌های بسیار پایدار محیط‌های بررسی شده گردید ولی روش GGEbiplot این توانمندی را داشت که سازگاری خصوصی رقم رحمت را با محیط‌ها نشان دهد. روش‌های پارامتریک و غیر پارامتریک بر اساس رتبه عملکرد و واریانس پایداری نشان داد که رقم رحمت رتبه سوم را داشت و بهتر از رقم تیتیکاکا در محیط‌های بررسی شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptability and yield stability of black seed quinoa compared to white seed lines under saline conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Salehi 1
  • Farhad Dehghany 2
  • Yousef/ Hasheminejhad 3
  • Alidad Karami 4
  • Sayyed Afshin Mosavat 5
1 National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
2 National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran,
4 Associate Professor, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Horticultural Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Quinoa is a dicotyledonous plant from the Amaranthaceae family. Due to the high nutritional value of the plant, several breeding programs were started on quinoa in different parts of the world. Commercially, quinoa has three colors: black, red and white. The Sadouq variety has been introduced as a white seed variety and is tolerant to salt stress (7). The purpose of introducing the black seed variety is the market demand for the production of three-color quinoa. The aim of this research is to investigate the compatibility of quinoa variety Rahmat with black and large seeds in comparison with white seed cultivars and lines.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted during two crop years (2018-2019) in four regions (Yazd, Sabzevar, Shiraz and Iranshahr) in the form of a complete randomized block design with six genotypes and three replications. The planting date in each region was determined based on the daily weather conditions in each region. After harvesting, seed yield, 1000 seed weight, seed size and saponin content were measured. At first, Bartlett's test was performed and combined analysis and stability analysis were performed using different parametric and non-parametric methods.
Results: Combined analysis showed that the three-way interaction effect of year, place and genotype on the measured traits was significant. The highest seed yield of Rahmat cultivar observed in Iranshahr (407 g m-2) after Sadouq cultivar (488 g m-2). The lowest seed yield of Rahmat variety was observed in the studied areas in Yazd (249 g m-2). In terms of the 1000 seeds weight, the highest and lowest 1000 seeds weight were observed in Iranshahr (3.9 g) and Yazd (2.9 g), respectively. In Iranshahr, 68% and in other region 45% of the seeds of Rahmat variety were placed in the large seed size class. The saponin content of Rahmat cultivar was strongly influenced by the environment. The highest and lowest amount of saponin of Rahmat variety was observed in Sabzevar and Iranshahr. Analysis of GGEbiplot method showed that Rahmat cultivar had high specific adaptability after Sadouq in Iranshahr and Sabzevar. Based on the average total rank, Sadouq variety (1.18±2.0), C line (1.37±2.2) and Rahmat variety (2.61±3.5) had the highest grain yield stability, respectively.
Conclusion: The sum of Kang's rank and other non-parametric methods used led to the selection of stable lines in the investigated environments, but the GGEbiplot method had the ability to show the specific adaptation of the Rahmat variety with the environments. Parametric and non-parametric methods based on yield rank and stability variance showed that Rahmat cultivar was ranked third and was better than Titicaca cultivar in the investigated environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chenopodium quinoa
  • Genotype × Environment interaction
  • Rahmat Cultivar
  • Seed size

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 1-22

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