تاثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد و روند تغییرات برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک چاودار در رژیم‌های ‏مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا رشته فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولیدو ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود کننده تولید گیاهان زراعی است. راه کارهای متعددی برای افزایش مقاومت گیاهان ‏زراعی در برابر محدودیت آبی پیشنهاد شده است. در این رابطه کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و نانوسیلیکون می‌تواند عملکرد گیاهان زراعی تحت ‏شرایط تنش را افزایش دهد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد دانه و روند تغییرات برخی صفات ‏فیزیولوژیک چاودار در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بود.‏
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده ‏کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1402 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح ‏‏(آبیاری کامـل به‌عنوان شاهد، قطـع آبیـاری در 50 درصد مراحـل آبستنی و سنبله‌دهی به‌ترتیب به عنوان محدودیت شدید و ملایم آبی)، ‏کاربرد نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد به‌عنوان شاهد، کاربرد نانوسیلیکون، ورمی‌کمپوست، کاربرد توام ورمی‌‏کمپوست و نانوسیلیکون) بود. ورمی‌کمپوست از شرکت گیلدا و نانوسیلیکون از شرکت پیشگامان نانومواد ایرانیان تهیه شد. نانوسیلیکون با ‏متوسط اندازه ذرات کمتر از 30 نانومتر بود. محلول پاشی با نانوسیلیکون در دو مرحله پنجه زنی و ساقه دهی (به ترتیب معادل کد 21 و 30 ‏مقیاس ‏‎(BBCH‏ انجام شد. دو هفته بعد از قطع آبیاری در مرحله خوشه‌دهی، برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی بر روی برگ پرچم ‏اندازه‌گیری شد. روند تغییرات برخی صفات همانند شاخص کلروفیل، شاخص نیتروژن، محتوای نسبی آب، هدایت الکتریکی و هدایت روزنه ‏ایی برگ، در فاصله زمانی هر چهار روز یک بار از 135 تا 151 روز بعد از کاشت اندازه گیری شدند. ‏
یافته‌ها: بررسی روند تغییرات برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک نشان داد که در 151 روز بعد از کاشت در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی، ‏کاربرد توام نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست شاخص کلروفیل (9/47 درصد)، شاخص نیتروژن (6/47 درصد)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ پرچم ‏‏(2/30 درصد)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (8/12 درصد)، وزن و حجم ریشه (به‌ترتیب 3/22 و 3/28 درصد)، ارتفاع بوته (5/32 درصد)، طول سنبله ‏‏(2/32 درصد)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (2/40 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (3/7 درصد) را نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست ‏در همین سطح از سطوح آبیاری افزایش داد. همچنین قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی در شرایط عدم کاربرد نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست ‏هدایت الکتریکی (8/13 درصد)، پراکسید هیدروژن (7/26 درصد) و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (8/9 درصد) را نسبت به کاربرد توام نانوسیلیکون و ‏ورمی‌کمپوست در همین سطح از سطوح آبیاری افزایش داد.‏
نتیجه گیری: به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد تاثیر نانوسیلیکون و ورمی‌کمپوست با بهبود برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک چاودار قادر بودند بخشی از ‏کاهش عملکرد ناشی از محدودیت آبی را جبران نمایند. ‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of vermicompost and nano silicon on yield and the trend of changes some ‎physiological traits of rye (Secale cereal L.) in different irrigation regimes‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Rauf Seed Sharify 2
1 Ph.D. student in the field of crop physiology. Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. ‎Several methods have been proposed to increase the resistance of crops against water limitation. In this ‎regard, the use of vermicompost and silicon can improve the performance of crop plants under stress ‎conditions. Considering the above fact, thr present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ‎nanosilicon and vermicompost application on grain yield and the trend of changes some physiological ‎traits (i.e, chlorophyll index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and ‎stomatal conductivity) of rye in different irrigation regimes.‎
Materials and methods: a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three ‎replications was conducted under the research greenhouse conditions in 2023. Treatments were various ‎irrigation regimes (normal irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading ‎stages as severe and moderate water limitation, respectively), application of nanosilicon and ‎vermicompost at four levels (no application as control, application of nanosilicon, vermicompost, both ‎application vermicompost and nanosilicon). Vermicompost was prepared from Gilda corporation and ‎silicon from Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company. Nano silicon was with the average of particle size of ‎less than 30 nm. Foliar application of Si was done in stages of tillering and stem elongation (BBCH 21 ‎and 30, respectively).‎‏ ‏Two weeks after irrigation withholding in booting stage, some biochemical and ‎physiological traits were measured on the flag leaf. The trend of changes some traits such as chlorophyll ‎index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and stomatal conductivity were ‎measured at time intervals every four days from 135 to 150 days after planting.‎‏ ‏Analysis of variance was ‎done by software package SAS v9.12. The main effects and interactions were compared by LSD test at the ‎‎0.05 the probability level, using the SAS version 9.1. ‎
Results: study of the trend of changes some physiological traits showed that in 151 days after planting
under irrigation withholding at of booting conditions, application of vermicompost and nano silicon ‎increased chlorophyll index (47.9%), nitrogen index (47.6%), relative content of flag leaf (30.2 %), ‎stomatal conductance (12.8%), root weight and volume (22.3 and 28.3%, respectively), plant height ‎‎(32.5%), spike length (32.2%), the number of grains per spike (40.2 %) and grain yield (7.3%) as ‎compared to no application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level from irrigation levels. ‎Also, under irrigation withholding at of booting stage conditions, no application of nano silicon and ‎vermicompost increased electrical conductivity (13.8%), hydrogen peroxide content (26.7%) and ‎malondialdehyde (9.8%) as compared to application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level ‎from irrigation levels.‎
Conclusion: Therefore, with considering of the results of this study, it can be stated that, applying ‎nano silicon and vermicompost were able to compensate part of the yield reduction caused by water ‎limitation by improving some physiological traits of rye.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SPAD
  • relative water
  • stress
  • stomatal conductance ‎ ‎

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 2
تیر 1403
صفحه 121-140

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