تأثیر کاربرد سیلیکون بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ـ مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند (ویژه دختران)، همدان، ایران،

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی رشته علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ـ مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند (ویژه دختران)، همدان، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی رشته علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ـ مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند (ویژه دختران)، همدان، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزنده محیطی و محدود‌کننده رشد و تولید گیاهان است. از طرفی، سیلیسیوم (Si) دومین عنصر فراوان در خاک است و موجب کاهش تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی در گیاهان می‌گردد. سیلیکون با نفوذ در ساقه و برگ، ضمن استحکام فیزیکی اندام‌ها و بهبود فرایندهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاه، موجب تقویت سامانه آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه می‌شود که نتیجه آن، افزایش کارایی گیاه در مقابل تنش‌های محیطی است. براساس یافته‌های اخیر محققان، محلول‌پاشیِ مقدار کمی از سیلیکون، می-تواند تحمل گیاهان به تنش‌ شوری را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. دانه‌های روغنی، منابع مهم روغن‌های گیاهی هستند. دانه گلرنگ با محتوای روغن 25 تا 45 درصد، یکی از دانه‌های روغنی بسیار ارزشمند است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی اثر محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گلرنگ تحت تنش شوری بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند در سال 1402 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تنش شوری در سه سطح (صفر، 40 و 80 میلی‌مولار) و محلول-پاشی سیلیکون در سه سطح (صفر، 2 و 4 گرم در لیتر) بود. صفاتی که مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند عبارت بودند از: ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، قطر و وزن طبق، وزن هزار دانه، درصد روغن، میزان و نوع اسیدهای چرب..

یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمایش بیانگر تأثیر مثبت کاربرد سیلیکون بر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی بود، به طوری که بیشترین قطر طبق (70/14 میلی‌متر) در تیمار 4 گرم در لیتر سیلیکون و بدون شوری ایجاد شد که از نظر آماری با تیمار 4 گرم در لیتر سیلیکون و 40 میلی‌مولار شوری تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، وزن طبق و وزن هزاردانه، با کاربرد 4 گرم در لیتر سیلیکون و تنش شوری 40 میلی‌مولار به دست آمد. درصد افزایش این صفات در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد سیلیکون در همان سطح شوری، به ترتیب 11/18%، 19/15%، 78/14% و 35/17% بود. بیشترین درصد روغن (31/27%) با کاربرد بالاترین سطح سیلیکون و شوری به دست آمد افزایش درصد روغن در این تیمار، در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد سیلیکون در همان سطح شوری، 74/80% بود. بیشترین میزان اسید لینولئیک (02/77%) از تیمار 2 گرم در لیتر سیلیکون و 40 میلی مولار شوری به دست آمد. درصد افزایش اسید لینولئیک در این تیمار، در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد سیلیکون در همان سطح شوری، 60/11% بود. بیشترین میزان اسید اولئیک (90/18%) با استفاده از بالاترین سطح سیلیکون و بدون شوری تولید شد. بالاترین میزان اسید استئاریک (80/2%) و لینولنیک (2/0%) در تیمار شاهد به دست آمد.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش، نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مثبت کاربرد سیلیکون بر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی بود. همچنین با کاربرد سیلیکون، آثار سوء تنش شوری در برخی صفات مانند ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، وزن طبق، وزن هزاردانه و درصد روغن کاهش یافت. بنابراین می‌توان کاربرد سیلیکون را به عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای کاهش اثرات تخریبی تنش شوری پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of silicon application on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahtab Salehi 1
  • Samaneh Nesari 2
  • Shadi Jalalvand 3
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Salinity is one of the most important environmental abiotic stresses that limit the growth and production of plants. On the other hand, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil and reduces biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. By penetrating the stem and leaves, silicon strengthens the plant antioxidant system, while strengthening the physical organs and improving the plant physiological processes, which results in strengthening the antioxidant system of the plant and increasing its efficiency against environmental stresses. According to the recent findings of researchers, a small amount of silicon can affects the ability of plants to withstand salt stress. Oil seeds are important sources of vegetable oils. Safflower seed with an oil content of 25 to 45% is one of the most valuable oilseeds. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of silicon foliar application on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower under salt stress.

Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse research of Nahavand Higher Education Complex during 2023. Experimental factors included salinity stress at three levels (0, 40 and 80 mM) and silicon foliar application at three levels (0, 2 and 4 g/L). The height of the plant, the stem diameter, the head diameter and weight, the 1000-grain weight, the percentage of the oil, and the amount and type of fatty acids were measured traits.

Results: The results of the experiment showed the positive effect of silicon application on most of the studied traits, so that the largest head diameter (14.70 mm) was created in the treatment of 4 g/L of silicon and without salt, which was not statistically different compared with the treatment of 4 g/L of silicon and 40 mM salinity. The highest amount of plant height, stem diameter, head weight and 1000-grain weight was obtained by applying 4 g/L silicon and 40 mM salinity stress. The increase percentage of these traits, compared to the non-application of silicon at the same salinity level (40 mM) was 18.11%, 15.19%, 14.78% and 17.35%, respectively. The highest percentage of oil (27.31%) was obtained by applying the highest level of silicon and salinity. The increase in the oil percentage in this treatment was 80.74% compared to the absence of silicone application at the same salinity level. The highest amount of linoleic acid (77.02%) was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/L silicon and 40 mM salinity. The increase percentage of linoleic acid in this treatment was 11.60% compared to the absence of silicon application at the same salinity level. The highest amount of oleic acid (18.90%) was produced using the highest level of silicon and no salinity. The highest level of stearic acid (2.80%) and linolenic acid (0.2%) was obtained in the control treatment.

Conclusion: The results of this research showed the positive effect of silicon application on most of the investigated traits. Also, with the application of silicon, the adverse effects of salt stress in some traits such as plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 1000-grain weight and oil percentage were reduced. Therefore, the use of silicon can be suggested as an effective method to reduce the destructive effects of salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil percentage
  • Oil seed
  • Salinity
  • Silicon
  • 1000-grain weight
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