نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران،
2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران،
4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an oilseed crop, which due to the high percentage and quality oil, extending of its cultivation is of interest. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients and the key factor to achieve optimal yield in rapeseed. Considering nitrogen leaching in the soil and resulted environmental pollution, the use of biofertilizers, especially nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play an important role in enhancing nutrient uptake and nitrogen use and uptake efficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the improvement of absorption of macronutrients and nitrogen efficiency indicators under the influence of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer management.
Materials and methods: A field experiment as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University located in Deshtrum in 2019. The main factor was nitrogen fertilizer at 6 levels (zero, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg ha-1 of pure nitrogen from the urea source) and the sub factor was biofertilizer containing Azotobacter and Azospirillium bacteria at two levels (application and non- application). The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in seeds and shoot was measured and the nitrogen efficiency indices were calculated.
Results: The highest seed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentage obtained from the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer + bacteria. The combined application of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer increased grain yield. The highest seed yield (8790.60 kg ha-1) was obtained in the treatment of 125 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and the application of biofertilizer. The nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen levels, and the maximum (40.92 kg ha-1) was obtained from the treatment of no application of bacteria and also nitrogen. The nitrogen uptake efficiency increased significantly with the use of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of bacteria. The maximum nitrogen remobilization (89.79%) was obtained from the application of 125 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and no application of biofertilizer, and the lowest was obtained from the treatment of no application of nitrogen and application of biofertilizer (74.46%).
Conclusion: Considering the superiority of the 125 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with biofertilizer in terms of seed yield and percentage of absorbed nutrients, it seems that these amounts of nitrogen fertilizer with the use of biofertilizer are recommendable to achieve proper yield in the examined and also similar areas. Also, the results showed that for most of the investigated traits, applying biofertilizer could reduce the consumption of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by supplying some part of the nitrogen (ca. 50 Kg/ha) needed by canola.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
1.Jahandideh, M., Barani Mutlaq, M., Dardipour, A., & Ghorbani Nasrabadi, R. (2018). The effect of humic acid on the availability of phosphorus fertilizer and some physiological traits of rapeseed. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Technology), 23(6), 884-873.
2.FAO. (2022). Food outlook, Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. Available in: https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8631452d-c58c-4aa6-8bce-c5fe7bafa02c
3.Iran Agricultural Statistics. (2021). Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, Planning and Economic Deputy, Information and Communication Technology Center.
8.Li, J., Zhou, Y., Gu, H., Lu, Z., Cong, R., Li, X., & Lu, J. (2023). Synergistic effect of nitrogen and potassium on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 148, 126875.
9.Zhan, N., Xu, K., Ji, G., Yan, G., Chen, B., Wu, X., & Cai, G. (2023). Research Progress in High-Efficiency Utilization of Nitrogen in Rapeseed. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(9), 7752.
10.Lou, H., Zhao, B., Peng, Y., El-Badri, A. M., Batool, M., Wang, C., & Zhou, G. (2023). Auxin plays a key role in nitrogen and plant density-modulated root growth and yield in different plant types of rapeseed. Field Crops Research, 302, 109066.
12.Ghanbari, M., Mokhtasi Bidgoli, A., Talebi Siah Saran, P., Pirani, H., & Karamniya, S. (2016). Evaluating the efficiency of Azotobacter in combination with Pseudomonas putida phosphate dissolving bacteria in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 13(52), 189-210.
13.Safari, M. R., Dadashi, M. R., Faraji, A., & Armin, M. (2023). Effect of biofertilizer and drought stress on quantitative and qualitative traits in some winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Romanian Agricultural Research, 40, 1563-1578.
14.Vejan, P., Abdullah, R., Khadiran, T., Ismail, S., & Nasrulhaq Boyce, A. (2016). Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural sustainability - a review. Molocule, 21, 1-17.
15.Gholami, M., Kuchakzadeh, A., & Siadat, S. A. (2022). Evaluation the nutrient content of different rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under the effect of Azotobacter and irrigation. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 53(1), 27-38.
16.Novozamsky, I., Van Eck, R., Van Schouwenburg, J. C. H., & Walinga, I. (1974). Total nitrogen determination in plant material by means of the indophenol blue method. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 22, 3-5.
17.Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis methods. Publication of Research Organization, Agricultural Extension Training, No. 982. Publications of Soil and Water Research Institute. 1, 126 p.
18.Peterson, J. R., Flanagan, J., & Shmact, K. T. (2002). PAM application method and electrolyte source effects on plot-scale runoff and erosion. Trans ASAE, 45(6), 1859-1867.
19.Bingham, I. J., Karley, AJ., White, P. J., Thomas, W. T. B., & Russell, J. R. (2012) Analysis of improvements in nitrogen use efficiency associated with 75 years of spring barley breeding. European Journal of Agronomy, 42, 49-58.
20.Kakabouki, I. P., Hela, D., Roussis, I., Papastylianou, P., Sentras, A. F., & Bilalis, D. J. (2018). Influence of fertilization and soil tillage on nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 18, 220-235.
21.Shakeri, A., Amini Dehaghi, M., Tabatabai, A., & Modares Sanavi, A. M. (2012). The effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on yield, yield components, oil percentage and protein content of sesame cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 22,71-82.
22.Rastgo, B., Ebadi, A., & Permon, Q. (2013). Investigating the effect of nitrogen consumption on yield and composition of safflower seed reserves. Crop Physiology, 6(21), 85-102.
23.Pedraza, R. O., Bellone, C. H., Bellone, S. C. D., Sorte, P. M. F. B., & Teixira, K. R. D. S. (2009). Azospirillium inoculation and nitrogen fertilization effect on grain yield and on the diversity of endophytic bacteria in the phyllosphere of rice rainfed crop. Eourpean Journal of Soil Biology, 45, 36-43.
24.Sattarzadeh, E., Yarnia, M., Khalilvand Behrooznia, E., Mirshekari, B., & Rashidi, V. (2023). Investigation of the possibility of reducing the effects of low irrigation of lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) using biofertilizers and phosphorus through changes in some morphological and biochemical characteristics. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 22, 44-52.
25.Bakhtiari, M., Ganjali, H. R., Mehraban, A., & Ebrahimi, A. (2016). Investigating the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application on quantitative and qualitative yield of safflower in Sistan region. New Findings in Agriculture, 10, 241-253.
31.Ameri, A.A., Nasiri-Mahlati, M., & Rizvani-Moghadam, P. (2016). The effect of different amounts of nitrogen and density on the efficiency of nitrogen use, flower yield and effective ingredients of marigold. Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 5(2), 315-325.
32.Schjoerring, J.K., Bock, J.G.H., Gammelvind, L., Jensen, C. R., & Mogensen, V.O. (1995). Nitrogen incorporation and remobilization in different shoot components of field-grown winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) as affected by rate of nitrogen application and irrigation. Plant and Soil, 177, 255–264.
)