تاثیر محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا چیتی تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی. اردبیل. ایران

2 دانشیارگروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی.اردبیل. ایران

4 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی. اردبیل. ایران

5 استادیار دانشگاه جامع علمی - کاربردی . اردبیل. ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، تنش خشکی موجب کاهش رشد و عملکرد گیاه زراعی می‌شود. چندین راهبرد برای کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش‌های محیطی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی وجود دارد. یکی از راه‌کارهای مناسب برای بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی و افزایش تحمل گیاهان زراعی در شرایط تنش خشکی، استفاده از ‌سیلیکون است. سیلیکون با تاثیر بر فرایند فتوسنتز موجب افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت محصول در شرایط نامساعد محیطی می‌شود. از این رو، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر کاربرد نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد دانه، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا چیتی تحت شرایط خشکی انتهای فصل انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ‌‌محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی لوبیاچیتی تحت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپیلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1399-1398 اجرا شد. عامل‌های مورد بررسی شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری از مرحله 50% گلدهی تا انتهای فصل رشدی) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و غلظت‌های نانو‌سیلیکون در سه سطح (صفر (شاهد)، 1 و 3 میلی‌مولار) به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. محلول‌پاشی با نانوسیلیکون در سه مرحله (6 تا 8 برگی، مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی و مرحله 50 درصد غلاف‌بندی) انجام شد. صفات شاخص کلروفیل برگ، هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت یافته، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن صد‌دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، شاخص کلروفیل، هدایت الکتریکی، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در سطح احتمال یک درصد وصفت تعداد دانه در بوته در سطح احتمال 5 درصد، تحت تاثیر تیمار‌های آبیاری و نانوسیلیکون قرار گرفتند. همچنین تاثیر عامل‌های آبیاری و نانوسلیکون بر صفات تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن صد دانه به‌ترتیب در سطح احتمال 5 و یک درصد معنی‌دار بودند. با اعمال تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید برگ و هدایت الکتریکی مواد نشت یافته به‌ طور معنی‌داری افزایش و شاخص کلروفیل برگ (44/%14)، صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه (18/%14) بوته‌های لوبیاچیتی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یابد. در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی، محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های لوبیاچیتی با غلظت‌های 1 و 3 میلی‌مولار نانوسیلیکون سبب شد تا شاخص کلروفیل برگ، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته‌ها، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یابد. بیشترین شاخص کلروفیل برگی و عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در واحد سطح با کاربرد غلظت 3 میلی‌مولار نانوسیلیکون حاصل شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در شرایط مساعد و نامساعد محیطی، محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های لوبیاچیتی با نانوسیلیکون تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی در لوبیاچیتی داشت. نانوسیلیکون عملکرد دانه لوبیا چیتی را در شرایط تنش خشکی به‌واسطه‌ی بهبود شاخص کلروفیل و برخی صفات زراعی همچون ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته افزایش دهد. در بین تیمارهای مورد مطاله بیش‌ترین افزایش در صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی لوبیاچیتی در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی در تیمار کاربرد 3 میلی‌مولار نانوسیلیکون حاصل شد. از این رو می‌توان کاربرد غلظت 3 میلی‌مولار نانوسیلیکون را به‌عنوان راه‌کار مؤثر برای تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application of nanosilicon on grain yield and some physiological traits of pinto bean under water limitation conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Narimanzadeh 1
  • Parisa Sheikhzadeh 2
  • Nasser Zare 3
  • Mohammad Sedghi 4
  • mitra rostamihir 5
1 MSc Graduated, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 Assistant Professor at Ardabil University of Applied Science and Technology, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In arid and semi-arid regions, drought stress decreases crop growth and yield. There are several strategies to decrease the negative effects caused by environmental stresses on crop growth and yield. The Utilization of silicon is one of the most valuable and practical approaches for improving physiological and Agronomic characteristics and crop tolerance under drought stress conditions. Silicon as an essential micronutrient for biological systems plays a crucial physiological role in increasing tolerance to environmental stresses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of silicon nanoparticles on the physiological and agronomical characteristics of pinto beans including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, grain yield, and yield components under water deficit conditions.
Materials and methods: This experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of nanoSilicon on the physiological and agronomic characteristics of bean under drought stress at the end of the season, A split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2018-2019. The study treatments included irrigation levels (full irrigation as a control and irrigation cut off at the flowering stage) as the main plots and silicon nanoparticles foliar application in three levels (no foliar application as a control and foliar application of 1 and 3 mM silicon nanoparticles) as the sub-plots. The foliar application of silicon nanoparticles was replicated three times (6-8 leaves), 50% flowering stage, and 50% podding stage). The physiological traits including the chlorophyll index, the electrical conductivity of materials leaked from leaves, and MDA content and agronomical traits including the plant height, the number of branches, pods per plant and seeds per plant, biological yield, and seed yield and yield components were measured in control and treated plants.
Results:
The results showed that plant height, number of sub-branches, chlorophyll index, electrical conductivity, MDA content, seed yield, and biological at the probability level of 1% and number of seeds per plant became significant at the probability level of 5% influenced by irrigation and silicon nanoparticles treatments. Also, the effect of irrigation factors and nanosilicon on the traits of the number of pods per plant and the weight of 100 seeds were significant at the probability level of 5 and 1%, respectively. Drought stress at the end of the season remarkably increased the MDA content and electrical conductivity of the leaked material and reduced the leaf chlorophyll index (14.44%) and, grain yield (14.18%) in pinto bean plants. Under both control (full irrigation) and drought stress conditions, the foliar spraying of beans with 1 and 3 mM of silicon nanoparticles caused a significant improvement in leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, the number of sub-branches, seeds per plant and pods per plant. So. the highest leaf chlorophyll index, seed yield, and biological yield per unit area were obtained with the application of 3 mM silicon nanoparticles.
Conclusion:
Under both favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions, foliar spraying of plants with silicon nanoparticles had a positive and significant effect on physiological and agronomic traits in pinto bean plants. It seems that silicon nanoparticles increases the yield of pinto beans under drought stress conditions by improving the chlorophyll index and some agricultural traits including plant height, number of sub-branches, number of seeds per plant, and number of pods per plant. Among the studied treatments, the greatest improvement in the physiological and yield traits of pinto beans under control and drought stress conditions was obtained with the 3 mM silicon nanoparticles foliar application. Therefore, the application of 3 mM silicon nanoparticles can be suggested as an effective approach for mitigating the impact of drought stress in pinto beans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll index
  • Drought stress
  • MDA
  • Pinto bean
  • silicon nanoparticles

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 17، شماره 2
تیر 1403
صفحه 53-70

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