مستندسازی روند تولید برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در شهرستان قائمشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

3 استادیار ، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران،

4 دانشیار ، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: فرآیند تولید محصولات کشاورزی از پیچیدگی و ظرافت خاصی برخوردار بوده و تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی قرار می‌گیرد. این عوامل به نوبه‌ی خود چالش‌های متعددی را در عرصه‌ی تولیدات جهانی کشاورزی موجب می‌شوند. لذا به منظور کاهش این مشکلات و بهبود فعالیت‌های منتج به تولید، در وهله‌ی اول باید به چگونگی عملیات مدیریتی پرداخت. این امر مستلزم پایش کلیه‌ی مراحل منتهی به تولید از طریق مستندسازی است. مستندسازی جریان تولید (جمع‌آوری تمام مراحل و عملیات خط تولید محصول از تهیه‌ی بستر بذر تا برداشت)، از گام‌های اولیه‌ی موثر در بهبود فرآیندهای مدیریتی در کشاورزی محسوب می‌شود. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف بررسی جزئیات فرآیند تولید و بررسی کلیه‌ی عملیات زراعی و در راستای کاهش چالش‌های مرتبط با مدیریت مزرعه و در نهایت ارتقاء عملکرد محصول برنج در منطقه‌ی قائمشهر انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: با توجه به اهمیت مستندسازی فرآیند تولید، در این مطالعه سه گروه اطلاعات مربوط به مدیریت زراعی، خاک و گیاه زراعی طی سال‌های زراعی 1398 و 1399 به صورت میدانی و با پایش مستمر مزارع مورد مطالعه در طول فصل رشد و طی مراحل کاشت، داشت و برداشت ثبت و جمع‌آوری شدند. در این بررسی‌ها دامنه‌ی تغییرات و شیوه‌ی انجام هر عملیات مدیریتی و نسبتی از کشاورزان که از شیوه‌های مختلف مدیریتی استفاده کرده بودند، با توزیع فراوانی مطلق و تجمعی مشخص شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج این پروژه نشان داد تاریخ نشاءکاری در منطقه بین 29 فروردین تا 9 خرداد ماه است. نشاءکاری اغلب به شیوه‌ی سنتی (استفاده از کارگر) مرسوم است. میزان بذر مصرفی بسته به نوع رقم و کیفیت بذر، نوع خزانه و شیوه‌ی نشاکاری، بافت خاک، دانش بومی و تجربی کشاورز، بین 30 تا 144 کیلوگرم در هکتار متغیر است. حدود 54% مزارع هنوز هم از بذور خودمصرفی استفاده می‌کنند. با وجود تنوع ارقام، طارم هاشمی با استقبال بیشتری روبرو است. اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم از کودهای غالب جهت تامین نیازهای غذائی گیاه برنج هستند. بیشترین دفعات تقسیط به کود اوره اختصاص دارد. بسته به شرایط آب و هوایی و نوع رقم، برداشت به طور معمول بین 28 تیر تا 29 شهریور ماه انجام می‌شود که 95 درصد آن با کمباین برنج صورت می‌گیرد. به دلیل تنوع رقم و روش‌های مدیریتی، عملکرد شلتوک بین 2269 تا 11052 کیلوگرم در هکتار متغیر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با مستندسازی فرآیند تولید ضمن آگاهی از وضعیت فعلی مزارع در منطقه، حل مشکلات موجود در نظام‌های تولید و رسیدن به وضعیت ایده‌آل امکان‌پذیر می‌شود. همچنین در انجام پروژه‌های مشابه از دوباره‌کاری و صرف زمان زیاد و وقفه در کار اجتناب می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Documentation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production process in Ghaemshahr

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nastaran Solhi-oskoei 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 2
  • Rahmat Abbasi 3
  • Benjamin Torabi 4
1 111 / 5,000 PhD student in agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The process of producing agricultural products has a certain complexity and finesse and is affected by various factors. These factors, in turn, pose numerous challenges in the field of global agricultural production. Therefore, in order to reduce these problems and improve the activities resulting from production, in the first place, it must pay attention to how management operations. This requires monitoring all stages leading to production through documentation. Documenting the production flow (collect all the steps and operations of the production line from preparing the seedbed to harvest) is one of the first effective steps in improving management processes in agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the details of the production process and all agronomic operations and in order to reduce the challenges related to farm management and ultimately improve the yield of rice in the Ghaemshahr region.
Materials and methods: Due to the importance of documenting the production process, in this study there were three groups of information related to agronomic management, soil and crop during the crop years 2019 and 2020 in the field and with continuous monitoring of the studied farms during the growing season and during the stages of planting, holding and harvesting were recorded and collected. In these studies, it was determined the range of changes and the manner of performing each management operation and the proportion of farmers who used different management methods, with absolute and cumulative frequency distribution.
Results: The results of this project showed that the date of transplanting in the region is between 29 April to 9 June. Transplantation is often traditional (by labor). The amount of seed used varies between 30 to 144 kg.ha-1 depending on the type and quality of seed, type of nursery and transplanting method, soil texture, local and experimental knowledge of the farmer. About 54% of farms still use self-consuming seeds. Despite the variety of figures, Tarom Hashemi is more welcomed. Urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate are the dominant fertilizers to meet the nutritional needs of the rice plant. Most of the installments are allocated to urea fertilizer. Depending on the weather conditions and the type of cultivar, harvesting is usually done between July 19 and September 20 and 95% with rice combine. Due to the variety of cultivars and management methods, the yield of paddy varied between 2269 to 11052 kg.ha-1.
Conclusion: By documenting the production process while being aware of the current situation of farms in the region, it is possible to solve the existing problems in production systems and reach the ideal situation. Also, in doing similar projects, rework and spending a lot of time and interruptions in work are avoided.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Documentation
  • yield
  • agronomic management
  • absolute and cumulative frequency distribution
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