تأثیر تغییرات آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان بر روی عملکرد نخود با کاربرد عنصر روی، سیلیکون و روی تثبیت شده بر روی SBA-15 تحت شرایط مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، اگروتکنولوژی- فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران،

2 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران،

3 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران،

4 دکتری شیمی آلی، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش آبی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین تنش محیطی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان، به دلیل اینکه از لحاظ فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد، موجب کاهش عملکرد کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی می شود. گیاه نخود نیز به عنوان یک گیاه پروتئینی مهم، در شرایط دیم اغلب در معرض تنش آبی قرار می گیرد که می توان با مدیریت تغذیه‌ای صحیح تا حدودی خسارت ناشی از تنش های محیطی بر آن را جبران کرد. فرم نانو کودها به دلیل افزایش جذب و دسترسی گیاه به کود می تواند سودمند باشد. بر این اساس این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر مزوحفره روی و سیلیکون (نانو روی تثبیت شده بر روی SBA-15) بر روی سیستم دفاعی نخود در تنش آبی انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش حاضر در مزرعه‌ پژوهشی دانشگاه مراغه به مختصات 37 درجه و 23 دقیقه عرض شمالی، 46 درجه و 16 دقیقه طول شرقی و 1485 متر ارتفاع از سطح آب‌های آزاد در سال زراعی 98-97 بهصورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی شامل تنش آبی (:W1 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، :W260 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و W3: 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور فرعی نیز شامل F1: شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، F2: سولفات روی، F3: سیلیکون، F4: سولفات روی+سیلیکون، F5: مزوحفرات روی و سیلیکون می‌باشد. صفات ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و تغییرات هیدروژن پراکسید، مالون دی آلدهید کلروفیل a و b و کاروتنوئید مورد برسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج این پژوهش با افزایش شدت تنش آبی، ارتفاع بوته و کلروفیل b به‌طور معنی داری کاهش یافت و محلول پاشی با تیمار مزوحفرات روی و سیلیکون 50 درصد کلروفیل b را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد صفات کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، هیدروژن پراکسید، مالون دی آلدهید، کلروفیل a، کاروتنوئید، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد دانه تحت تاثیر برهمکنش تنش و کود قرار گرفت. با افزایش شدت تنش میزان تولید هیدروژن پراکسید نسبت به حالت عدم تنش به‌طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. از طرفی در تمامی صفات کاربرد تیمارهای کودی بخصوص مزوحفرات روی و سیلیکون در تنش آبی (90، 60 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بیشترین مقدار را داشت. همچنین مزوحفره روی و سیلیکون با افزیش آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز در نهایت موجب کاهش 50 درصدی مالون دی‌آلدهید نسبت به عدم محلول‌پاشی در سطح تنش 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی گردید. همچنین افزایش معنی داری در کلروفیل a و کاروتنوئید با کاربرد این تیمار در هر سه سطح تنش آبی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طوری کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که محلول پاشی با مزوحفره روی و سیلیکون بخصوص در شدت‌های بالای تنش به دلیل تأثیر آن در کاهش میزان هیدروژن پراکسید و به دنبال آن کاهش میزان مالون دی آلدهید و همچنین تأثیر مثبت بر روی سیستم دفاعی گیاه و کاهش خسارت‌های ناشی از تنش آبی و در نهایت افزایش عملکرد دانه برترین ترکیب تیماری می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of changes in antioxidant enzymes on yield of chickpea with application of zinc, silicon and zinc immobilized on SBA-15 under different mousture conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Amin Abbasi 2
  • Mohsen Janmohammadi 3
  • Saleh Vahdati-Khajeh 4
1 PhD Student in Agrotechnology- Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran,
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran,
3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran,
4 PhD in Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Water stress as the most important environmental stress in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, reduces the quantitative and qualitative yield of crops through affecting on the physiology and biochemistry of plants. Chickpea as an important protein plant is also exposed to Water stress under dryland condition. Damages caused by environmental stresses can partially be reduced with proper nutritional management. The form of nano-fertilizers can be beneficial due to improving plant uptake and accessiblity to the fertilizer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of mesopor zinc and silicon (zinc nanoparticles immobilized on SBA-15) on the defense system of chickpea in Water stress.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out in Research Farm of Maragheh University with geographical coordinates 37°23' N; 46°16' E and 1485 meters above sea surface in northwest of Iran, during 2018-2019 growing season as Split-plot experiment conducted based on a randomized complete block desing with three replications. The main factor included Water stress (W1: 90% of field capicity, W2: 60% of field capacity, W3: 30% of field capacity) and sub factors included fertilizer treatments F1: control (no fertilizer application), F2: zinc sulfate, F3: silicon, F4: zinc sulfate+silicon, F5: mezopor zinc- silicon. Parametrs such as Plant height, grain yield, activity of Catalas, Ascorbat peroxidas, Guaiacol peroxidase enzymes, H2O2, Malone dialdehyde, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and Carotenoid were evaluated.
Results: According to the results of this study, with increasing Water stress intensity, plant height and chlorophyll b significantly decreased and foliar application of mesopor zinc-silicon height increased chlorophyll b about 50% compared to the control. Also the results showed that the catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, plant height and grain yield were affected by intraction effect of fertilizer × Water stress. With increasing stress intensity, the amount of hydrogen peroxide increased significantly compared to non stress. On the other hand, in all of the traits, the application of fertilizer treatments, especially mezopor zinc- silicon in Water stress (90%, 60% and 30% of field capicity) have the highest amount.Also mezopor zinc- silicon with increasing antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were significantly increased, which reduced malondialdehyde by 50% compared to no foliar application in 30% of field capicity. Also, a significant increase in chlorophyll a and carotenoids was observed with the application of this treatment in all three levels Water stress.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that foliar application of zinc and silicon, especially at high stress intensities is the best treatment composition due to its effect on reducing the amount of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently reducing the amount of malondialdehyde, as well as a positive effect on the plant defense system and reducing Water stress damage and finally increasing grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Oxidative stress
  • Silicon
  • Catalase
  • Irrigation regime

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 159-178

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