مطالعه واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد هیبریدهای 704، 705 و 706 ذرت تحت تاثیر مقادیر آبیاری به روش نواری تحت فشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی-باغی مرکز تحقیقان و آموزش کشاورزی گلستان وابسته به سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. گرگان. ایران

2 استاد، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی مرکز تحقیقان و آموزش کشاورزی گلستان وابسته به سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. گرگان. ایران

3 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات بخش تحقیقات زراعی و با غی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به‌منظور امنیت غذایی، تولیدات غذایی باید دو برابر شود و به روش‌های مختلف از محیط‌های نامساعد بهره برداری شود. این می‌تواند با توسعه سطح زیر کشت، افزایش تولید در هکتار و ارتقای کیفیت محصول میسر شود. بعلاوه افزایش تولید در هکتار طی نیمه دوم قرن گذشته مربوط به افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح بوده است. تولید گیاهان شدیدا تحت تاثیر تنش‌های محیطی است. در شرایط کمبود آب استفاده از روش‌های‌آبیاری تحت فشار و رقم مناسب از گزینه‌های موثر در افزایش بهره‌وری آب محسوب می‌شوند. بنابراین مطالعه‌ای با این اهداف انجام شد: تعیین عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب ارقام ذرت علوفه ای در سطوح مختلف آبیاری، بررسی کم آبیاری روی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ذرت علوفه ای، شناسایی نحوه تاثیر برهمکنش کم آبیاری و رقم بر عملکرد، کارآیی مصرف آب و صفات فیزیولوژیکی ذرت.
مواد و روش‌ها: این بررسی بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری با 3 تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی طی سال‌های 1397 و 1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان به اجرا درآمد. در این پژوهش مقادیر آب آبیاری در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی (بعنوان تیمار شاهد)، تا 75% ظرفیت زراعی و تا 50% ظرفیت زراعی در نوار‌های افقی به عنوان عامل A و همچنین تیمار رقم در سه سطح، شامل ارقام سینگل کراس 705، سینگل کراس 706 و سینگل کراس 704 ، در نوار‌های عمودی به عنوان عاملB مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد تفاوت بین اکثر صفات معنی دار بود. بررسی عملکرد علوفه در تیمار های آبیاری نشان داد، عملکرد علوفه در تیمار آبیاری 100% ، 06/50 تن در هکتار بود که نسبت به تیمار آبیاری 75% و 50% به ترتیب 09/9 درصد و 83/24 درصد برتری داشت. مقایسه عملکرد علوفه در ارقام نشان داد، بیشترین تولید علوفه تر از رقم سینگل کراس 705 با میانگین عملکرد 65/45 تن در هکتار بدست آمد که نسبت به ارقام 706 و 704 بترتیب 04/14 و 29/10 درصد عملکرد بیشتری داشت. برهمکنش مقدار آبیاری و رقم نیز حاکی از بیشترین تولید علوفه تر از رقم 705 در تیمار آبیاری 100% بود. در بررسی کارآیی مصرف آب تیمارهای آبیاری، تیمار مقدار آبیاری 75% ظرفیت زراعی با کارآیی 94/7 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب علوفه تر تولیدی، بیشترین بهره وری آب را داشت. رقم سینگل کراس 705 نیز با تولید 38/7 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب نسبت به سایر ارقام کارآیی بالاتری در تولید علوفه داشت. در برهمکنش مقدار آبیاری و رقم، کمترین مقدار پرولین به تیمار مقدار آبیاری شاهد در طول دوره رشد با میانگینmolg-1DM µ 33/21 در رقم 706 و بیشترین مقدار آن به تیمار مقدار آبیاری 50 درصد نیاز آبی با میانگین 33/28 در رقم 705 اختصاص یافت. یعنی با کم شدن مقدار آبیاری، غلظت پرولین در برگ افزایش یافت. در برهمکنش دور آبیاری و رقم، بیشترین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل برگ به تیمار دور آبیاری شاهد در طول دوره رشد با میانگین 53/50 در رقم 705 و کمترین مقدار آن به تیمار مقدار آبیاری 50 درصد نیاز آبی با میانگین 50/39 در رقم 706 اختصاص یافت. بنابراین به منظور تولید علوفه در شهرستان گرگان ذرت هیبرید رقم 705 توصیه می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of yield and physiological responses of corn 704, 705 and 706 hybrids under irrigation volumes with impacted strip method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Saberi 1
  • Alireza Kiani 2
  • Madine Okati 3
1 Assistant Professor, Agronomy and Garden Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Professor, Engineering and technical research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Expert ion of Agronomy and Horticulture Department of Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and education of Golestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
To reduce the food insecurity, crop production will have to be doubled, and produced in more environmentally sustainable ways. This can be achieved by expanding the area of crop production, increasing per hectare yield and improving crop quality. Furthermore, during the second half of the past century, rise in per hectare crop productivity was due to improved or high yield potential. The productivity of plants are strongly influenced by environmental stresses. In the water scarcity condition, using deficit irrigation and appropriate cultivar are the most strategies to improve water productivity. Hence, the present study was to design with the following objectives: To determine yield and WUE of forage corn varieties at different levels of irrigation. To study the effect of deficit irrigation on physiological parameters of forage corn . To identify how interaction deficit irrigation and forage corn varieties affect yield, WUE and physiological parameters.
Materials and methods
An experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 in Gorgan agricultural research station to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation methods under drip irrigation condition on forage yield and physiological parameters of corn cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in form of split plot factorial experiment and replicated four times. Treatments were including three irrigation volumes [Irrigation at %100 (I1), %75 (I2) and %50 field capacity (I3)], as A factor, and varieties (SC704, SC705 and SC706) as B factor. In order to the development and management for Corn in summer season, the current study was conducted to find the effects of different varieties and irrigation on yield and physiological parameters of corn. Chlorophyll content was estimated using the method of Witham et al. (1986). Free proline concentration was determined by means of a rapid colorimetric method using an acid ninhydrin procedure developed by Bates et al. (1973). Data were analyzed using SAS. Treatment means were compared usingLSDat the 95%probability level.
Findings
Investigation of forage yield at irrigation treatment showed, the highest forage yield of I1 treatment was 50.06 ton ha-1, and reduced by %24.83 and %15.61 respectively when the irrigation interval was reduced by 75% to %50 field capacity. Comparison of fresh forage yield at varieties showed, fresh forage yield of single cross 705 with 45.65 ton ha-1 was%14.04 and %10.29 higher than single cross 704 and single cross 706 respectively. Interaction effect of irrigation value and variety showed, the most fresh forage production was belong treatment of single cross 705 and irrigation at %100 field capacity. Investigation of WUE of forage yield showed, irrigation at %75 field capacity with WUE of 7.94 kg m-3 fresh forage had the most WUE. The variety of single cross 705 with WUE of 7.38 kg m-3 fresh forage had greater WUE compared to other varieties. In the water scarcity condition, using deficit irrigation and appropriate cultivar are the most strategies to improve water productivity. The results derived from the irrigation study showed that despite the possibility of greater surface evaporation with light frequent irrigations, differentials of sorghum varieties and other indicators of plant water stress were found to be improved with low frequent irrigation. Irrespective of variety, intermediate irrigation regime had higher yield than the most frequently irrigated regime. Though, when comparing the three varieties, variety SC705 significantly produced higher dry forage in the main crop. The present findings suggest that in semiarid environments Corn should be irrigated infrequently but heavily. Therefore it is recommended to cultivate SC705 variety in the Gorgan corn farms,

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Proline
  • Water use efficiency
  • Varieties
  • Forage corn

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 15، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 61-78

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