ارزیابی سودمندی سیستم کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان-لگوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانش آموخته دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: یکی از راهکارهای کلیدی در کشاورزی پایدار بازگرداندن تنوع به محیط های کشاورزی و مدیریت مؤثر آن است. کشت مخلوط عبارت است از کشت همزمان دو یا بیش از دو گونه در یک قطعه زمین در طول یک فصل زراعی، که یک روش مهم در توسعه سیستم تولید پایدار بویژه در سیستم هایی که هدف آن ها محدود ساختن مصرف نهاده های خارجی مانند کود و علف کش های شیمیایی است. در قیاس با تک کشتی سیستم کشت مخلوط استفاده بالاتری از منابع مثل کارایی مصرف مواد غذایی، کارایی مصرف آب و کارایی مصرف زمین دارد. این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی سودمندی سیستم کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان و لگوم (للوبیا و سویا) انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان طی دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص آفتابگردان، لوبیا و سویا و کشت های مخلوط افزایشی 30، 60 و 90 درصد لوبیا با آفتابگردان و کشت های مخلوط افزایشی 30، 60 و 90 درصد سویا با آفتابگردان بودند. ارزیابی کشت مخلوط بر اساس شاخص های نسبت برابری زمین، بهره وری سیستم، غالبیت، رقابت، مجموع ارزش نسبی، نسبت معادل سطح زیر کشت و زمان و ضریب ازدحام نسبی صورت گرفت.
یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، عملکرد دانه هر سه گونه و عملکرد معادل تحت تأثیر الگوهای کشت قرار گرفتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان، لوبیا و سویا در کشت خالص به دست آمد و کشت مخلوط به افت عملکرد دانه این محصولات منجر شد. با این حال عملکرد معادل آفتابگردان در کشت های مخلوط با 60 و 90 درصد لوبیا و سویا بیش از عملکرد خالص بود. در این تیمارها شاخص های نسبت برابری زمین، غالبیت، رقابت، مجموع ارزش نسبی، نسبت معادل سطح زیر کشت و زمان و ضریب ازدحام نسبی بالاتر از یک و شاخص رقابت کمتر از یک بود که نشان دهنده ی سودمندی سیستم کشت مخلوط است. از طرفی با توجه به شاخص غالبیت، گیاه آفتابگردان نسبت به لوبیا و سویا غالب بود.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سیستم کشت مخلوط عملکرد دانه معادل آفتابگردان را نسبت به کشت خالص آفتابگردان افزایش داد. به طورکلی کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان و لگوم (لوبیا و سویا) در بیشتر تیمارها برتر از کشت خالص گیاهان بود که با بهبود عملکرد اقتصادی و کارایی استفاده از زمین همراه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of advantageous of sunflower-grain legume intercropping

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mohsen Seyedi 1
  • javad hamzei 2
1 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Research and Education Center (AREEO), Arak, Iran. Email: m.seyedi98@areeo.ac.ir
2 basu university
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: One of the key strategies in sustainable agriculture is diversity restoration to agricultural environments and effective management it. Intercropping, which is defined as growing two or more species simultaneously in the same field during a growing season, is considered one important strategy in developing sustainable production systems, particularly systems that aim to limit external inputs such as chemical fertilizer and herbicide etc. Compared to sole crops, intercropping system have higher utilization of resource i.e., nutrient use efficiency, water use efficiency, and land use efficiency. This research was done to evaluation advantageous of sunflower-legume intercropping systems,
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Experimental treatments were different planting patterns including sunflower, bean and soybean sole cropping, and additive intercropping of 30, 60 and 90% bean, as well as 30, 60 and 90% soybean with sunflower. Intercropping systems were evaluated by using indices of land equivalent ratio (LER), system productivity index (SPI), total relative value (RTV), area-time equivalent ratio (ATER), aggressivity index (AI), competition index (CI) and relative crowding coefficient (RCC).
Results: Results showed that crops grain yield and sunflower equivalent yield affected by planting patterns. The highest sunflower, bean and soybean grain yields were achieved at sole cropping and intercropping decreased grain yield of these crops. However, sunflower equivalent yield at intercropping patterns of 60 and 90% bean and soybean were more than sole cropping. At this treatments, indices of land equivalent ratio, total relative value, area-time equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient were more than 1 and competition index was less than 1 that showed intercropping is advantageous. In this study pay attention to aggressivity index, sunflower was aggressive in comparison to bean and soybean.
Conclusion: The results of this present showed that, intercropping systems increased sunflower equal grain yield in comparison with sunflower sole cropping. In general, in the most of the treatments, sunflower-legume (bean and soybean) intercropping was better than their sole cropping and associated with improving economic yield and land use efficiency.
The results of this present showed that, intercropping systems increased sunflower equal grain yield in comparison with sunflower sole cropping. In general, in the most of the treatments, sunflower-legume (bean and soybean) intercropping was better than their sole cropping and associated with improving economic yield and land use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bean
  • Competition index
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Soybean
  • Sunflower

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 13، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 85-98

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