توصیف آماری متغیرهای عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم با خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک با استفاده از آنالیز گام به گام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشگاه فردوسسی مشهد

3 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

Abstract
Introduction
Characterization of physical and chemical soil criteria is a key step in understanding the source of spatial variability in the productivity across agricultural fields (21). Crop yield variability can be caused by many factors, including spatial variability of soil texture, crop management, soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient availability (45). Understanding the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical characteristics is essential for crop management, as it is directly contributing to variability in growth and yield of crop (38 & 14). Hence, understanding their spatial variability across agricultural fields is essential in optimizing the application of agricultural inputs and crop yield and it could help significantly in managing the spatial variability in the productivity of soil agroecosystems (30 & 14).
Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (i) evaluate the effect of soil physical and chemical criteria on yield indices of wheat and (ii) to investigate the correlation between physical and chmical soil properties and wheat yield.

Materials and Methods
Samplings were performed based on random-systematic method from 30 fields in Khorasan-e Razavi province during 2017 and 2018. Studied characteristics were texture, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available P, available K, pH and C:N ratio of soil and seed yield, biological yield, straw yield, 1000-seed weight and harvest index (HI) of wheat. Multiple regression model was used to identify the relationship between soil variables (independent variables) and wheat yield indices (dependent variables). In addition, determining the most important factors of soil physical and chemical properties which have on wheat yield criteria was done by stepwise regression analysis.

Results and discussion
The results revealed showed that the mean values of seed yield, straw yield, biological yield, 1000-seed weight and HI of wheat were observed with 3588.47 kg.ha-1, 7362.80 kg.ha-1, 10951.27 kg.ha-1, 35.40 g and 48.56%, respectively. The highest and the lowest standard errors were computed for biological yield (198.40) and 1000-seed yield (0.74), respectively. Also, The effect of soil textures was significant (p≤0.05) on soil chemical criteria and wheat yield. The maximum OM, OC, TN, available P, available K and pH were observed for sandy clay with 1.86%, 1.09%, 0.18%, 166.20 ppm, 0.05 ppm and 7.37, respectively. The maximum seed yield and biological yield were related for clay soil (with 4313.83 and 11924.86 kg.ha-1, respectively). The highest correlation coefficients were computed for OM (r=0.935**) and OC (r=0.933**) with 1000-seed weight. The most important factors influencing wheat yield by using step by step regression were OM, available P, TN and available K, respectively.

Conclusion
Longterm sustainability of agroecosystems depends on soil quality and its fertility. Poor soil management practices can lead to degraded soil and environmental quality and reduction in crop yields. Results suggest that novel management approaches are needed to maintain the longterm sustainability of soil resources and crop yields without seriously degrading the environment that this will help in reducing the cost of fertilization and improving soil and environmental quality without altering crop yields.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Statistical description of yield and yield components of wheat with soil physical, and chemical criteria using stepwise regression

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Shabahang 2
  • Reheleh Ahmadzadeh Ghavidel 3
1
2 Departement of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Department of Agrotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

چکیده
مقدمه
تعیین خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک نقشی کلیدی در درک تغییرات مکانی در بهره‌وری مزارع کشاورزی دارد (21). تغییرات عملکرد تحت تأثیر عوامل مهمی شامل تغییرات مکانی بافت خاک، مدیریت گیاه زراعی، خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و فراهمی عناصر غذایی می‌باشد (45). تغییرات مکانی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک به طور مستقیم در رشد و عملکرد گیاه زراعی مؤثر می‌باشد، لذا درک این تغییرات برای مدیریت گیاه زراعی ضروری است (14 و 38). از این‌رو، درک تغییرات مکانی خصوصیات خاک در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی برای بهینه‌سازی نهاده‌های کشاورزی و عملکرد ضروری می‌باشند که این تغییرات به طور معنی‌داری در بهره‌وری خاک در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی تاثیر دارد (14 و 30).
بنابراین، اهداف این مطالعه (1) ارزیابی اثر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر شاخص‌های عملکرد گندم و (2) تعیین همبستگی بین خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد گندم بودند.

مواد و روش‌ها
نمونه‌برداری به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک از 40 مزرعه در استان خراسان رضوی در سال‌های 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. خصوصیات مورد مطالعه شامل بافت، ماده آلی، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر قابل دسترس، پتاسیم قابل دسترس، اسیدیته و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن خاک و عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد کاه، وزن 1000 دانه و شاخص برداشت گندم بودند. به منظور تعیین رابطه بین متغیرهای خاک (متغیرهای مستقل) و شاخص‌های عملکرد گندم (متغیرهای وابسته) از رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد و برای شناسایی تأثیرگذارترین عوامل از بین خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک بر خصوصیات عملکرد، آنالیز رگرسیون گام به گام انجام گردید.

نتایج و بحث
نتایج نشان داد که میانگین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد کاه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت گندم به ترتیب برابر با 47/3588 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، 80/7362 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، 27/10951 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، 40/35 گرم و 56/48 درصد بدست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین خطای استاندارد به ترتیب برای عملکرد بیولوژیکی (40/198) و وزن هزار دانه (74/0) محاسبه شد. اثر بافت‌های مختلف خاک بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد گندم معنی‌دار (05/0≥p) بود. بالاترین میزان ماده آلی، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر قابل دسترس، پتاسیم قابل دسترس و اسیدیته برای خاک رسی شنی به ترتیب برابر با 86/1 درصد، 09/1 درصد، 18/0 درصد، 20/166 پی‌پی‌ام، 05/0 پی‌پی‌ام و 37/7 بدست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی برای خاک رسی (به ترتیب با 83/4313 و 86/11924 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) حاصل گردید. بالاترین ضریب همبستگی برای درصد ماده آلی (**935/0r=) و درصد کربن آلی (**933/0r=) با وزن هزار دانه بدست آمد. مهمترین خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک موثر بر عملکرد دانه بر اساس آنالیز رگرسیون گام به ترتیب رتبه شامل درصد ماده آلی، فسفر قابل دسترس، نیتروژن کل و پتاسیم قابل دسترس بودند.

نتیجه‌گیری
پایداری دراز مدت بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی به خصوصیات خاک و حاصلخیزی آن وابسته می‌باشد. عملیات مدیریت ضعیف خاک می‌تواند باعث تخریب خاک و کیفیت زیست محیطی و کاهش عملکرد گیاه زراعی شود. نتایج این مطالعه پیشنهاد می‌کند که از رهیافت‌های جدید مدیریتی برای حفظ ثبات پایداری منابع خاک و عملکرد گیاه زراعی در درازمدت بدون تخریب محیط زیست بهره‌گیری شود که این امر می‌تواند به کاهش هزینه‌های حاصلخیزی و بهبود خصوصیات خاک بدون تغییر عملکرد گیاه زراعی منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainability
  • Spatial variability
  • Multiple regression
  • Organic matter

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 143-160

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