عملکرد گیاه آزی وش در اثر تراکم و دوره های آبیاری مختلف در زمان بذرگیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 کارشناسی

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آزی وش (Corchorus olitorius L) گیاهی است که درمناطق گرمسیری به خوبی رشد می‌کند این گیاه به گونه‌ای است که نظر محققان ملل مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است زیرا که از قسمت‌های مختلف این گیاه می‌توان استفاده کرد. آزی وش گیاهی است که موطن این گیاه افریقا بوده که سپس به آسیا و جنوب افریقا و جنوب اروپا منتشر شده است. از آنجایی‏که این گیاه به ‏عنوان یک گیاه زراعی که امکان مصرف آن به شکل‌های مختلف ازجمله استفاده به عنوان سبزی تازه، سالادو به صورت تازه یا خشک شده در انواع غذاها ازجمله سوپ وجود دارد. همچنین به‏عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و به علت ویتامین‌های مختلف ومفید موجود در این گیاه مورد توجه می‏باشد لذا هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثرات تراکم و رژیم دوره‌های مختلف آبیاری بر رشد و عملکرد آن درهنگام بذر گیری در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان می‏باشد.
مواد و روش: این آزمایش بر روی گیاه آزی وش در چهار تراکم بوته 20، 27، 40 و 80 در متر مربع و با فواصل آبیاری 6، 12 و 18 روز یک بار در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شماره 1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 1393 انجام شد. همچنین برای این آزمایش فواصل هر ردیف 25 سانتی متر و فاصله بوته‏های روی ردیف به ترتیب 5، 10، 15 و 20 سانتی‏متر در نظر گرفته شده است. عمل آبیاری تا وقتی انجام شد که سطح خاک از آب پوشیده شود. اعمال آبیاری به این شکل بود که تا قبل از سبز شدن دو مرحله به همه بلوکها داده شد تا سبز شدند. سپس اعمال برنامه آبیاری اصلی شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل انرژی برش، وزن، تعداد شاخه‌ها، ارتفاع بوته و قطر بوته بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین میزان صفات مورد ارزیابی به جز ارتفاع بوته از تیمار تراکم 20 و دوره آبیاری 6 روز یکبار حاصل گردید. همچنین در هنگام مصرف بذر بیشترین مقدار برای تمام صفات به جز ارتفاع بوته فاصله کشت 20 سانتی متر بر روی هر ردیف و فواصل آبیاری 6 روز یکبار بود. به طور مثال برای صفاتی از قبیل انرژی برش، وزن برگ، تعداد شاخه، قطر ساقه و ارتفاع گیاه بیشترین مقدار در دوره‌ی آبیاری هر 6 روز یکبار رخ داده که به ترتیب: 1.91 mJ، 63.15g، 63.15، 8.153 cm و 137.667 cm است و کمترین مقدار در دوره‌ی آبیاری هر 18 روز یکبار به ترتیب: 1.6mJ، 56.6 g، 56.6، 6.408 cm و 123.58 cm است.
نتیجه گیری: با افزایش فواصل روزهای آبیاری انرژی برش، مقدار وزن برگ، تعداد شاخه‌ها، ارتفاع گیاه و قطر ساقه در هنگام بذرگیری کاهش پیدا کرده است و همچنین با افزایش فواصل بوته‌ها بر روی ردیف، میزان انرژی برش، تعداد شاخه‌ها، وزن برگ ‌و قطر ساقه افزایش پیدا کرده و فقط ارتفاع بوته با افزایش فواصل بوته‌ها بر روی ردیف کاهش پیدا کرده است. حجم آبیاری و کاهش تراکم بر روی ردیف تأثیر بسزایی بر روی عملکرد داشته و باعث می‌شود کیفیت آن افزایش یابد. بهترین فاصله بوته‌ها در هر ردیف برای آزی وش 20 سانتی متر در هر ردیف بود و بهترین زمان آبیاری برای داشتن یک عملکرد مناسب زمان 6 روز آبیاری بود. فاکتور فواصل بوته‌ها بر روی ردیف و فواصل آبیاری در عملکرد و خواص محصول آزی وش نقش بسیار مهمی را داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Different Irrigation Periods and Density Efficacy on Azivash Plant Operation in Seed Taking Time

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Tabarsa 2
  • Mohammad Vahedi Torshizi 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani 3
  • Zuhair Aldarvish 1
1
2
3 faculty member
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Azivash is a plant which grows well in tropical zones and it has been considered in the international studies because the different parts of this plant can be used. Azivash is a plant that grows well in tropical and subtropical zones and it is an African indigenous plant that has been developed to Asia, South Africa, and South Europe. Since this plant is an agricultural plant which is used in different ways as a fresh vegetable, salad, fresh or dried vegetable in a variety of foods including soup, it is considered as a medicinal herb for its different and useful vitamins. So, this study aims to investigate the different regimes of irrigation and density effects on growth and its performance in seed time in Gorgan's climatic conditions.
Materials and method: This experiment was conducted on Azivash at four bushe densities of 20, 27, 40 and 80 mm2 and with irrigation intervals 6, 12 and 18 days in three replications. Moreover, intervals of every row are considered as 25 cm and bush intervals on the row are determined as 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The plant's properties are measured in seed time. These factors included cutting energy, weight, and number of branches, bush height, and diameter.
Findings: Results showed that the maximum amount of all of factors except bush height was plant distance as 20 cm on each main row and irrigation intervals in every six days. Also, the maximum amount for all of factors except bush height was plant distance as 20 cm on each main row and irrigation intervals in every six days. For instance, the maximum amount of irrigation period was every 6 days for some factors such as cutting energy, leaf weight, number of branches, stem diameter, and plant height as 1.91 mJ, 63.15 g, 63.15, 8.153 cm and 137.667, respectively, and the minimum amount of irrigation period was every 18 days as 1.6mJ, 56.6g, 6.408cm and 123.58 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: As irrigation intervals increase, cutting energy, the number of branches, leaf weight and stem diameter in seed time decreases and as bush distances increase on the row, cutting energy, leaf weight amount, the number of branches, plant height and stem diameter increases and only the plant height decreases. Drought stress and density reduction on the row have a significant effect on the plant performance and increase its quality. The most appropriate distance in each row for Azivash was 20cm and the most favorable time for irrigation was every six days. Bush distance on the row and irrigation intervals significantly affected the performance and properties of Azivash.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azivash
  • Density
  • Irrigation
  • Performance

مراجع

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مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
دوره 12، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 47-62

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