Evaluation of phenology, canopy temperature, and physiological traits related to soybean yield under influence of priming, foliar application of elements and weeds

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

10.22069/ejcp.2026.24103.2711

Abstract

Background and objectives: Although soybean cultivation is increasing in Iran, weed infestation is a persistent and complex limitation in many production areas of this plant, which affects soybean growth and development through competition for nutrients, water, and light. Therefore, strategies to prevent weed stress are a key factor in successful soybean production, and improving soybean competitive ability against weeds by nutritional management and seed priming technique are considered as the safest and most sustainable strategies in weed management approach. Therefore, the effect of seed priming and foliar application of micronutrients was investigated on phenology, some physiological traits, and soybean grain and protein yield in the presence of weeds conditions.
Materials and methods: In this study, the effect of seed priming and foliar application of micronutrients on phenological traits, air-canopy temperature difference, leaf area index (LAI), and grain and protein yield of soybean cv. Kousar with and without weeds was investigated as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block design during 2020-2021 at Qorveh (Kurdistan province) in three replications. the treatments of this experiment were salicylic acid (SA) priming with a concentration of 0.5 mM, hydropriming and no-priming, hand weeding in three levels no-weeding, once weeding and twice weeding and foliar application of micronutrients in four levels include foliar application with water (control), zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.03%, manganese sulfate with a concentration of 0.03% and 9% iron chelate.
Results: The results showed that seeds primed with SA required less time to emergence among the treatments studied. Plants under weed stress (no-priming and no-weeding) had more days from emergence to flowering than plants from seed priming in the with/without weeding conditions, and the lowest number of days from emergence to flowering was observed in the SA priming and twice weeding treatment. Applying SA and Hydropriming reduced the number of days from flowering to beginning pod in both years studied, and weeding reduced the number of days from flowering to beginning pod in soybean compared to the no-weeding treatment. The LAI of plants grown in the no-weeding conditions was significantly lower than in the other treatments studied. Twice weeding under no-prime and water foliar application conditions increased soybean LAI by 20.12 and 24.76%, respectively, compared to once weeding and no-weeding treatments. Hydropriming and SA priming under no-weeding and water foliar application conditions increased LAI by 54.02 and 74.87%, respectively. Under prime/no-prime conditions, weeding increased soybean protein yield, and Fe foliar application improved these conditions. In most of the traits studied, SA priming was able to create more favorable conditions in the presence and absence of weeds than hydropriming, so that by applying SA priming with once weeding and Fe foliar application, soybean yield improved to the same extent as the SA priming with Mn and Zn foliar application with twice weedings.
Conclusion: weeds caused prolonged all phenological traits studied except the number of days to emergence and the length of flowering period and SA priming and Fe foliar application was able to accelerate the emergence of phenological stages and increase the LAI and grain yield in with/without weeding conditions. Therefore, it can be suggested no weeding at least once, without reducing grain yield and other studied traits, by using SA priming and foliar spraying with studied micronutrients, especially iron chelate, which its result will be less use of chemical pesticides and reduction of environmental problems, as well as saving time and cost for weeds control in the field.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 18, Issue 4
December 2026
Pages 71-102

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