The effect Foliar application of iron and zinc nanoparticles and organic material on growth and yield of wheat in Hamidieh city

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Master's student, Plant Genetic and Production Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Plant Genetic and Production Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Professor of Plant Genetic and Production Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz.Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: The present research was conducted in order to investigate the foliar spraying of zinc and iron nanoparticles and some organic substances on the growth and yield of wheat, in the crop year of 2023-24, in Gamboa area in Hamidieh city.
Material and methods: The experimental design was factorial in the form of randomized complete block design in three replications. The first factor includes different levels of organic fertilizers in 5 levels including 1- control (without using organic fertilizers), 2- application of biochar bagasse (at the rate of 5 ton. ha-1) 3- application of vermicompost fertilizer (at the rate of 5 ton. ha-1), 4- Application of humic acid (in two stages of stem formation and flowering), 5- Spraying with seaweed extract (in two stages of stem formation and flowering). The second factor includes the use of zinc and iron nanoparticles in four levels, including 1- control (no use of nanoparticles), 2- zinc nanoparticles with a concentration of 2 parts per thousand, 3- iron nanoparticles with 2 parts per thousand and 4- iron and zinc nanoparticles with a concentration of 2 It was in the thousands.
Results: The examination of the plant height trait showed that the application of biochar, bagasse, vermicompost, and humic acid fertilizers increased the plant height by 12, 13, and 13%, respectively, compared to the control treatment (93.7, 94.7, and 94.2 cm, respectively). On the other hand, the average height of the plant under the conditions of foliar application with seaweed extract (88 cm) despite a 5% increase compared to the control treatment, did not have a statistically significant difference with each other. In the conditions of application of nanoparticles, the application levels of zinc nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles and zinc + iron nanoparticles respectively increased the plant height by 7, 8 and 11% compared to the control treatment. The highest average number of spikes per plant was related to humic acid application treatment under foliar spraying conditions with zinc + iron nanoparticles (11.6 spikes). In terms of the weight of 1000 seeds, the use of organic compound fertilizers did not have a statistically significant difference with each other and had a higher average than the control treatment.The highest average weight per thousand grains was related to the application of iron + zinc nanoparticles (42.9 gr). The average seed yield in the control treatment was equal to 3336 kg/ha, which had no statistically significant difference with the foliar treatment with seaweed extract (3382 kg/ha), but it had a significantly lower average compared to other treatment levels. In contrast, vermicompost and humic acid fertilizer application treatments (4560 and 4637 kg/ha, respectively) had the highest seed yield. Under the application levels of nanoparticles, the average grain yield in the control treatment was equal to 3630 kg per hectare, which increased by 11, 12 and 18% to 4038, 4056 and 4289 kg under the conditions of application of zinc nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles and zinc + iron nanoparticles, respectively. The highest average biomass yield was related to humic acid application treatment, which increased the average biomass yield (15332 kg/ha) by 34% compared to the control treatment. Under the application levels of nanoparticles, the treatments of application of zinc nanoparticles (13403 kg/ha), iron nanoparticles (13536 kg/ha) and application of zinc + iron nanoparticles (14706 kg/ha) increased biomass yield by 12, 13 and 23%, respectively.
Conclusion:In general, the use of organic fertilizers (biochar, vermicompost and humic acid) and nanoparticles (zinc and iron) led to a significant improvement in growth, grain yield and plant biomass, and the greatest effect was observed in the treatment of humic acid and zinc + iron nanoparticles.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 18, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 61-82

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