Evaluation of cultivar diversity and correlation analysis of some agronomic characteristics in bread wheat

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 , PhD Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ablam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Faculty Member, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ablam University, Ilam, Iran

Abstract

Abstract

Background and purpose: Investigating the diversity of cultivars of agricultural plants and the relationships between their important economic traits, such as grain yield, components of grain yield, and phenological characteristics in crops, is crucial. Wheat is a significant source of energy and dietary nutrients. During wheat breeding programs, yield and yield components are carefully considered, and understanding their relationship is essential for developing high-yield varieties. When comparing agricultural cultivars, it is important to consider the conventional or innovative nature of the comparison methods and the novelty of the cultivars or varieties being compared.

Materials and methods: In this study, 94 bread wheat varieties (including 4 control varieties) were cultivated using an augmentation plan with 3 repetitions during the agricultural year of 2018-2019 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. After planting, normal irrigation and proper weed control were maintained, and phenology and morphology information were recorded, including days to germination, tillering, stem, flowering, and maturity. Additionally, the number of tillers, leaves, plant height, nodes, peduncle length, spike length, number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield were assessed for normality. Data analysis involved the use of simple and advanced statistical methods, as well as multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis, discriminant analysis (DA), and cluster analysis.
Findings: The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among the studied cultivars in terms of all the traits investigated, indicating that there is enough diversity between them. The highest Pearson correlation was found between a thousand seed weight and yield (0.907***), days to tillering and days to flowering (-0.92***), days to flowering and maturity (0.85***), days to tillering and rippening (0.83***), days to tillering and stem (0.79***), and days to tillering and flowering (0.79***). Additionally, there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield and spike length, as well as the number of spikes (0.39*** and 0.34***, respectively), which was further confirmed by the Bayesian method. The principal component analysis, along with linear DA analysis, showed that the first two components accounted for the majority (99.51%) of the total variance and demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in grouping the varieties. Based on these results, the cultivars were categorized into four groups. Group one consisted of the Darya and Quds genotypes, with an average yield of 712 grams. The other groups had average yields of 594, 864, 195, 328, and 442 grams, respectively. The third group (Shahpasand number) had the highest yield at 864 grams per square meter and a thousand-seed weight of 43.2 grams, which were the highest among all the groups and the entire experiment. However, the Tak-Ab variety also had the highest thousand-seed weight at 50.81 grams.

Conclusion: In this study, two methods, both conventional and advanced, were used to evaluate the correlation and relationship between traits, and the results were consistent with each other. Subsequently, multivariate statistical methods were employed to classify the wheat cultivars. By decomposing the data into the main components, the first two components successfully grouped the cultivars, with Shahpasand and Darya exhibiting the highest yield and thousand-seed weight in the population, respectively. Given the size of the population and its sufficient diversity, as well as the range of climatic conditions, it is feasible to utilize the available cultivars with high performance and desirable traits in improvement and expansion programs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 17, Issue 4
December 2025
Pages 41-66

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