The effect of early sowing of sunflower on grain yield and water efficiency in cold temperate regions of Kermanshah

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Associate prof. for Crop and Horticultural science Research Department,, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Associate Prof. for Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Kermanshah,Iran

4 , Crop and Horticultural science Research Department , Kermanshah Agricultural and Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22069/ejcp.2024.22652.2636

Abstract

Background and objectives: Early sowing date of sunflower in cold temperate regions can be a sustainable management strategy in areas with limited water resources. Field trials have shown that sowing sunflowers in late February to mid-March was the most effective strategy in terms of water efficiency and grain yield. so the present study was conducted to investigate grain yield and yield components of sunflower hybrids in the early sowing date, compared to the summer sowing date, and their effects on the physical and economic water productivity in the cold temperate regions of Kermanshah province.
Material and methods: A two-year research (2022-2023) was conducted at the Mahidasht Agricultural Research Station of Kermanshah. The experiment was conducted as a strip plot with a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments included sowing dates as the first factor, including five levels: in the first year (March 16, March 30, April 14, April 30, and June 5) and in the second year (February 9, March 23, April 14, April 30, and May 20), and the second factor was sunflower cultivars including Shams, Golsa, Zarin and Lakomka. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software (SAS 9.1). To investigate productivity of different sowing dates, physical and economic water productivity indices were calculated.
Results: The results of variance analysis showed that sowing date in both years had a significant effect on yield and yield components, except for the number of seeds per head in the second year. The cultivars also had significant differences for grain yield and yield components in both years. The highest seed yield in the first year with 3921 and 3720 kgha-1 belonged to sowing dates of April 30 and April 14 and in the second year with 3782 and 3711 kgha-1 belonged to sowing dates of March 23 and April 30. The results showed that sowing in spring (April 29) and summer (June 4) in both years led to an increase in the 1000 seeds weight compared to early sowing dates (Table 2). Decrease in 1000 seeds weight in early sowing dates was due to the coincidence of the seed filling period with the increase in temperature in late July. Lakomka cultivar, which is an open-pollinated cultivar, had the highest seed yield in the first and second year with 3927 and 3957 kgha-1, respectively, and the Golsa hybrid had the lowest grain yield with 3163 and 2941 kgha-1, respectively. Based on physical and economic productivity of water, results showed that the early sowing dates of February 28 and March 23 in the second year had 74% and 70% higher economic productivity than summer sowing date, respectively, due to saving water consumption.
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the sowing date of March 30 and March 16 had the highest grain yield, physical and economic water productivity, but early sowing on the dates of March 16, March 30 and April 14 with a reduction in water consumption also showed acceptable economic productivity. The importance of early sunflower sowing in drought conditions and also when the price of water used in agriculture is calculated in real terms becomes more apparent. In general, the results of this study emphasized that the early sowing of sunflower, although it may not be associated with a higher grain yield, but due to the optimal use of water resources and acceptable productivity, it can be a practical and effective solution in managing water resources and dealing with drought

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Crop Production
Volume 17, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 107-124

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